TABLE 2.

Summary of codes for the purpose of BER as a field

Code	Definition
Teaching	To improve teaching practices implemented by instructors
Biology	Mentions the field of biology
Learning	To improve student learning
Education	To improve education in general, targeting the structure or system of education such as the institution
Scholarship	To apply the scientific method in BER and use an empirical approach to investigate what works and what does not
Literacy	To improve students’ ability to apply biology knowledge in the real world or improve scientific literacy in non-STEM students
Inclusion	To make education more accessible and inclusive to everyone regardless of background
Future	To enhance students’ educational experience to better equip students for their future endeavors
Barriers	To identify factors that influence student learning, including challenges, barriers, or general factors that contribute to the ability (or lack thereof) of a student to learn the material