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. 2021 Sep 14;11(9):e045942. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045942

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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Reported statistically significant results across medical specialties. (A) Proportion (with 95% CI) of reported statistically significant effects in published studies for efficacy and safety outcomes. (B) Relationship between the proportion of statistically significant effects and the median sample size. ORs (with 95% CI) for a statistically significant effect in a primary study (C) and in a combined effect from a meta-analysis (D). RCT, randomised controlled trial. ENT, ear, nose and throat. SJR, Scimago journal rank. n.s., not statistically significant.