Table 1.
Descriptive Statistics of 35 Participants with Type 1 Diabetes Taking Part in the Study.
| Participants included at visit 1
(baseline) N = 35 |
|
|---|---|
| Male sex (count) | 21 (60%) |
| Age (years) | 55.4 (±18.0) |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 21.2 (±14.8) |
| Height (m) | 1.75 (±0.07) |
| Weight (kg) | 83.0 (±15.3) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.0 (±5.0) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 133 (±17) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 76 (±9) |
| Insulin injection habits | |
| Self-reported LH (%, abdomen/thighs) |
(20.0/14.3) |
| Clinically observed LH (%, abdomen/thighs) |
(31.4/8.6) |
| Self-reported injects in LH (%) | 8.6 |
| Self-reported injection site rotation (%) | 97.1 |
| Rotation scheme used (%, left-right/two spots/1 cm between/pattern) |
(68.6/48.6/0.0/34.3) |
| Received injection-site rotation instruction (%) | 85.7 |
| Needle length used (%, 12 mm/8 mm/6 mm/5 mm/4 mm) |
(2.9/5.7/40.0/54.3/5.7) |
| Reuses needles (%) | 48.6 |
| Injection zones used, fast-acting insulin (%, abdomen, thighs, hips, arms) |
(100/8.6/2.9/2.9) |
| Injection zones used, long-acting insulin (%, abdomen, thighs, hips, arms) |
(20.0/71.4/17.1/0.0) |
| Late diabetic complications | |
| Normoalbuminuria (%) | 94.3 |
| Microalbuminuria (%) | 5.7 |
| Macroalbuminuria (%) | 0.0 |
| Retinopathy, none (%) | 54.3 |
| Retinopathy, mild (%) | 40.0 |
| Retinopathy, proliferative (%) | 5.7 |
| Autonomic neuropathy (%) | 5.7 |
| Peripheral neuropathy (%) | 28.6 |
| Diabetic foot ulcer (%) | 2.9 |
| History of severe hypoglycemia at any time before inclusion (%) | 17.1 |
| Symptomatic hypoglycemia events, one-month pretrial (count) | 6 (0-30) |
| Severe hypoglycemia events, one-year pretrial (count) | 0.4 (0-8) |
| History of diabetic ketoacidosis (%) | 29 |
| Diabetic ketoacidosis, one-year pretrial (count) | 0.0 (±0.0) |
Continuous variables are reported as means (±standard deviation).
BMI, body mass index; LH, lipohypertrophy.