Figure 3.

Antiviral activity of 80 and 8 ppm pure chlorine dioxide, 4800 ppm of sodium chlorite and Cleverin without chlorine dioxide and sodium chlorite against SARS-CoV-2. Concentrated SARS-CoV-2, which was suspended in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) without foetal bovine serum (FBS) (A) and with 1% FBS (B), respectively, was incubated with 80 or 8 ppm pure chlorine dioxide (ClO₂), 4800 ppm sodium chlorite (NaClO₂) or Cleverin without ClO₂ and NaClO₂ but containing 528 ppm of decaglycerol monolaurate and 12.8 ppm silicone for 10 s, 30 s, 1 min or 3 min. Viral titre was determined by measurement of 50% tissue culture infective dose per mL (TCID₅₀/mL). All data represent the means ± SD from three independent experiments. Dashed line indicates detection limit for each test. ∗Viral titre is statistically different between PBS and each test.