Table 2.
Sex-related differences of cardiac structure and function in HFpEF patients with and without DM
| Nondiabetic patients (n = 134) | p-value | Diabetic patients (n = 90) | p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women (n = 61) | Men (n = 73) | Women (n = 47) | Men (n = 43) | |||
| Cardiac MRI parameters | ||||||
| LVEDV, mL | 108.9 ± 22.4 | 131.0 ± 14.1 | < 0.001 | 114.8 ± 27.1 | 142.4 ± 39.4 | 0.019 |
| LVEDV index, mL/m2 | 75.2 ± 16.3 | 80.4 ± 11.6 | 0.182 | 78.3 ± 18.7 | 81.0 ± 23.3 | 0.709 |
| LVESV, mL | 46.3 ± 14.4 | 58.8 ± 9.9 | < 0.001 | 50.5 ± 17.9 | 67.3 ± 23.5 | 0.021 |
| LVESV index, mL/m2 | 31.9 ± 10.5 | 36.2 ± 7.6 | 0.097 | 34.4 ± 11.8 | 38.9 ± 15.3 | 0.337 |
| LVSV, mL | 62.7 ± 15.0 | 72.2 ± 10.3 | 0.010 | 64.4 ± 19.8 | 75.1 ± 22.8 | 0.141 |
| LVSV index, mL/m2 | 43.2 ± 10.5 | 44.2 ± 7.2 | 0.683 | 43.9 ± 13.9 | 42.1 ± 11.8 | 0.679 |
| LVEF, % | 58.6 ± 7.9 | 55.7 ± 4.9 | 0.123 | 58.9 ± 7.5 | 56.5 ± 6.4 | 0.304 |
| LVM, g | 105.8 (95.1–129.8) | 137.7 (112.3–175.1) | < 0.001 | 119.5 (100.7–133.2)* | 150.5 (129.7–169.9)# | < 0.001 |
| LVM index, g/m2 | 70.0 (62.5–88.1) | 81.3 (67.6–101.7) | 0.044 | 82.9 (67.6–90.1)* | 83.5 (70.7–96.9) | 0.612 |
| LAV, mL | 66.2 ± 32.0 | 72.9 ± 33.0 | 0.374 | 56.4 ± 23.1* | 53.3 ± 28.1# | 0.705 |
| LAV index, mL/m2 | 44.5 ± 22.2 | 43.6 ± 19.8 | 0.857 | 37.9 ± 15.1 | 37.3 ± 19.2 | 0.906 |
| Echocardiographic parameters | ||||||
| LVEF, % | 61.0 ± 9.8 | 59.1 ± 8.1 | 0.319 | 62.6 ± 10.1 | 60.2 ± 8.7 | 0.343 |
| E/A ratio | 1.0 (0.6, 1.6) | 1.3 (0.7, 1.9) | 0.263 | 0.8 (0.7, 1.4) | 1.3 (0.8, 1.5) | 0.155 |
| E/e’ average ratio | 19.1 ± 3.0 | 17.3 ± 2.3 | 0.025 | 20.3 ± 2.9 | 18.1 ± 3.1 | 0.006 |
| RWT | 0.38 (0.35–0.42) | 0.39 (0.33–0.42) | 0.220 | 0.40 (0.36–0.43) | 0.40 (0.34–0.42) | 0.540 |
| PASP, mmHg | 36.9 ± 4.9 | 34.8 ± 8.1 | 0.295 | 36.2 ± 7.9 | 37.0 ± 7.9 | 0.747 |
Data are presented as mean ± SD, or media (Q1–Q3)
HFpEF: heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; DM: diabetes mellitus; LVEDV: left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVESV: left ventricular end-systolic volume; LVSV: left ventricular stroke volume; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; LVM: left ventricular mass; LAV: left atrial volume; E: peak early diastolic filling velocity; A: late diastolic filling velocity during atrial contraction; e’: mitral annular tissue velocity during early filling; RWT: relative wall thickness; PASP: pulmonary artery systolic pressure
*p-value < 0.05 vs. women without DM
#p-value < 0.05 vs. men without DM