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. 2021 Sep 15;52:119. doi: 10.1186/s13567-021-00989-9

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Congenital ALV-J infection causes stunting of immune organs and immunotolerance.A Detection of ALV-J antigen by ELISA in the cloacal swabs of chickens. B Detection of ALV-J antigen in peripheral blood by ELISA. C Anti-ALV-J neutralizing antibody titers in blood by ELISA. D Gross lesions of immune organs. E Dynamic changes in the immune index. F Histopathological detection of immune organs. G CLSM analysis of CD3⁺ T cells in the spleen. H FACS analysis of CD3⁺ T cells in the thymus and spleen. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001; the unpaired t-test was performed, and the data were expressed as mean ± SEM.