Table.2.
Association of weight change with subsequent outcomes
| Outcome/weight changes | Crude HR (95% CI) | Adj. HR (95% CI)* | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| All-cause death | |||
| Weight loss ≥ 5 % | 2.15 (1.61–2.87) | 1.79 (1.33–2.42) | < 0.001 |
| Stable weight | Ref. | Ref. | – |
| Weight gain ≥ 5 % | 0.99 (0.73–1.32) | 1.01 (0.74–1.36) | 0.96 |
| Weight loss ≥ 10 % | 2.74 (1.78–4.25) | 2.07 (1.31–3.25) | 0.002 |
| Stable weight | Ref. | Ref. | – |
| Weight gain ≥ 10 % | 0.90 (0.54–1.52) | 0.83 (0.50–1.41) | 0.50 |
| Cardiovascular death | |||
| Weight loss ≥ 5 % | 2.21 (1.57–3.10) | 1.84 (1.30–2.61) | 0.001 |
| Stable weight | Ref. | Ref. | – |
| Weight gain ≥ 5 % | 1.16 (0.83–1.62) | 1.21 (0.86–1.70) | 0.28 |
| Weight loss ≥ 10 % | 2.56 (1.50–4.37) | 1.89 (1.10–3.26) | 0.021 |
| Stable weight | Ref. | Ref. | – |
| Weight gain ≥ 10 % | 0.94 (0.51–1.73) | 0.88 (0.48–1.63) | 0.68 |
| CVD/HFH | |||
| Weight loss ≥ 5 % | 2.61 (1.99–3.41) | 2.19 (1.66–2.89) | < 0.001 |
| Stable weight | Ref. | Ref. | – |
| Weight gain ≥ 5 % | 1.29 (0.99–1.69) | 1.34 (1.02–1.76) | 0.033 |
| Weight loss ≥ 10 % | 3.59 (2.42–5.33) | 2.83 (1.87–4.23) | < 0.001 |
| Stable weight | Ref. | Ref. | – |
| Weight gain ≥ 10 % | 1.07 (0.67–1.72) | 1.00 (0.63–1.61) | 0.99 |
| Primary outcome | |||
| Weight loss ≥ 5 % | 1.87 (1.49–2.36) | 1.67 (1.32–2.10) | < 0.001 |
| Stable weight | Ref. | Ref. | – |
| Weight gain ≥ 5 % | 0.91 (0.73–1.15) | 0.94 (0.74–1.18) | 0.57 |
| Weight loss ≥ 10 % | 2.53 (1.76–3.63) | 2.14 (1.49–3.08) | < 0.001 |
| Stable weight | Ref. | Ref. | – |
| Weight gain ≥ 10 % | 0.84 (0.56–1.27) | 0.82 (0.54–1.24) | 0.34 |
CVD/HFH, composite of cardiovascular death or heart failure hospitalization; The primary outcome was a composite of myocardial infarction, stroke, or cardiovascular death
*Model adjusted on randomized treatment (alogliptin or placebo), age, sex, diabetes duration, insulin, metformin, statins, current smoking, heart failure history, anemia, hypertension, body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, diuretics
The P-value is for the adjusted model
Baseline body mass index (BMI ≥ 30 vs. <30 Kg/m2) did not modify the associations between weight changes and subsequent outcomes:
P for interaction 5% weight change × BMI for all-cause mortality = 0.73
P for interaction 10% weight change × BMI for all-cause mortality = 0.27
P for interaction 5% weight change × BMI for cardiovascular mortality = 0.76
P for interaction 10% weight change × BMI for cardiovascular mortality = 0.70
P for interaction 5% weight change × BMI for cardiovascular mortality or heart failure hospitalization = 0.51
P for interaction 10% weight change × BMI for cardiovascular mortality or heart failure hospitalization = 0.17
P for interaction 5% weight change × BMI for the primary outcome = 0.58
P for interaction 10% weight change × BMI for the primary outcome = 0.70