TABLE A1.
Demographic Data of Included Studiesa
| Lead Author (Year) | Study Type | (1) Study Group (2) Control Group |
N (Sex, M: F) | Age,b y | Time From Injury,b mo | Follow-up,b mo | Anterolateral Procedure Technique (Graft) | ACLR Technique (Graft) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anterolateral Ligament Reconstruction | ||||||||
| Acquitter (2003)1 | RCT | (1) BPTB+ALLR | 50 | 27.2 (16-59) | 23 ± 29 (3-156) | 58 | SB (ST+gracilis) | BPTB (patellar) |
| (2) BPTB | 50 | 27 (16-59) | 35 ± 43 (3-156) | 58 | — | BPTB (patellar) | ||
| Branch (2015)6 | Prosp | (1) BPTB+ALLR | 6 | 40 (26-48) | NR | 108 (99-237) | SB (gracilis) | BPTB (patellar) |
| (2) BPTB | 12 | 40 (26-48) | NR | 108 (99-237) | — | BPTB (patellar) | ||
| Goncharov (2019)26 | RCT | (1) BPTB+ALLR | 18 | NR (16-40) | NR | 24 | SB (ST+gracilis) | BPTB (patellar) |
| (2) BPTB | 30 | NR (16-40) | NR | 24 | — | BPTB (patellar) | ||
| Helito (2018)27 | Retrosp | (1) SB+ALLR | 33 (30:3) | 33.1 ± 8.8 | 15 (13-18) | 25 (24-28) | SB (ST+gracilis) | SB (ST+gracilis) |
| (2) SB | 68 (59:9) | 33.9 ± 6.1 | 14 (12-30.5) | 26 (24-29) | — | SB (ST+gracilis) | ||
| Helito (2019)28 | Retrosp | (1) SB+ALLR | 30 (13:17) | 27.0 ± 9.1 | 13.1 ± 12.8 | 28.1 ± 4.2 | SB (ST+gracilis) | SB (ST+gracilis) |
| (2) SB | 60 (28:32) | 29.9 ± 8.1 | 12.4 ± 14.2 | 29.6 ± 6.2 | — | SB (ST+gracilis) | ||
| Ibrahim (2017)30 | RCT | (1) SB+ALLR | 53 | 26 ± 2.5 (20-30) | 3 (2.0-4.6) | 27 (25-30) | SB (gracilis) | SB (ST+gracilis) |
| (2) SB | 50 | 26 (21-32) | 3 (2.0-4.6) | 27 (25-30) | — | SB (ST+gracilis) | ||
| Sonnery-Cottet (2017)57 | Prosp | (1) SB+ALLR | 221 (152:59) | 21.8 ± 4.0 (16-30) | 5.3 ± 9.0 | 35.4 ± 8.4 | SB (gracilis) | SB (ST) |
| (2) SB | 176 (116:60) | 23.5 ± 4.0 (16-30) | 4.5 ± 6.2 | 41.6 ± 7.0 | — | SB (ST) | ||
| Zaffagnini (2006)69 | RCT | (1) SB+ALLR | 25 (18:7) | 26.7 ± 7.25 (15-49) | 11 (1-14) | 60 | SB (ST+gracilis) | SB (ST+gracilis) |
| (2) SB | 25 (15:10) | 31.3 (26-49) | 9 (2-12) | 60 | — | SB (ST+gracilis) | ||
| Zaffagnini (2008)68 | RCT | (1) SB+ALLR | 35 (20:15) | 26 ± 10.2 (19-45) | 8.2 ± 10.4 (1-48) | 46.8 (36-60) | SB (ST+gracilis) | SB (ST+gracilis) |
| (2) DB | 37 (20:17) | 27 ± 9.0 (21-46) | 6.9 ± 10.4 (1-48) | 46.8 (36-60) | — | DB (ST+gracilis) | ||
| Zhang (2016)70 | RCT | (1) SB+ALLR | 20 (12:8) | 26.3 ± 6.8 | 16.3 ± 3.6 | 12 | SB (ST+gracilis) | SB (ST+gracilis) |
| (2) SB | 20 (13:7) | 22.3 ± 5.3 | 12.3 ± 4.3 | 12 | — | SB (ST+gracilis) | ||
| Lateral Extra-articular Tenodesis | ||||||||
| Anderson (2001)3 | RCT | (1) SB+Losee | 34 | 22 (14-40) | · <2 wk (n = 13) · 2-12 wk (n = 10) · >12 wk (n = 12) |
35.7 ± 12.1 | Losee (ITB) | SB (ST+gracilis) |
| (2) SB | 33 | 20.1 (14-38) | · <2 wk (n = 9) · 2-12 wk (n = 18) · >12 wk (n = 8) |
35.9 ± 11.7 | — | SB (ST+gracilis) | ||
| Dejour (2013)13 | Prosp | (1) BPTB+Lemaire | 25 (20:5) | 21.4 ± 5 (14-34) | 10.78 (3-30) | 25.6 (14-33) | Modified Lemaire (gracilis) | BPTB (patellar) |
| (2) BPTB | 25 (17:8) | 27.5 (14-42) | 12.96 (1-84) | 25.4 (18-30) | — | BPTB (patellar) | ||
| Ferretti (2016)19 | Retrosp | (1) SB+MacIntosh | 68 (56:12) | 25.7 ± 7 (18-46) | 3.4 | 126 ± 2.4 (122-130) | MacIntosh (ITB) | SB (ST+gracilis) |
| (2) SB | 71 (51:20) | 27.3 (18-50) | 4.4 | 125 (121-128) | — | SB (ST+gracilis) | ||
| Getgood (2020)22 | RCT | (1) SB + Lemaire | 291 (151:140) | 18.8 ± 3.2 | 8.1 ± 18.9 | 24 | Modified Lemaire (ITB) | SB (ST+gracilis) |
| (2) SB | 298 (151:147) | 19.1 ± 3.3 | 9.3 ± 16.7 | 24 | — | SB (ST+gracilis) | ||
| Giraud (2006)24 | RCT | (1) BPTB+Mac-In Jones | 29 (22:7) | 28.8 ± 12.4 | NR | 93 | Mac-In Jones (ITB) | BPTB (patellar) |
| (2) BPTB | 34 (25:9) | 26.4 ± 7.3 | NR | 102 | — | BPTB (patellar) | ||
| Goertzen (1993)25 | Retrosp | (1) SB+Jäger-Wirth | 32 (21:11) | 28.4 (17-46) | 9.6 (3-25) | 14.2 | Jäger-Wirth (ITB) | SB (ST+gracilis) |
| (2) SB | 24 (16:8) | 26.7 (19-43) | 9.6 (3-25) | 14.2 | — | SB (ST+gracilis) | ||
| Noyes (1991)49 | Retrosp | (1) BPTB+Losee | 40 | 23 (14-40) | 41 (4-223) | 36 (23-54) | Losee (ITB) | BPTB (allograft) |
| (2) BPTB | 64 | 24 (14-40) | 54 (3-282) | 34 (23-53) | — | BPTB (allograft) | ||
| Strum (1989)60 | Retrosp | (1) Various+tenodesis | 43 | 27.8 (17-57) | 31.5 (2.0-122.0) | 53.3 (28-90) | 25 Ellison or modified Ellison; 11 MacIntosh; 7 Lemaire; 15 pes anserinus transplant (various) | 9 BPTB; 3 Marshall (patellar); 31 meniscal (patellar or meniscal) |
| (2) Various | 84 | 25.2 (16-42) | 25.3 (0.5-192.0) | 41.3 (24-85) | — | 7 BPTB; 2 Marshall (patellar); 75 meniscal (patellar or meniscal) | ||
| Trichine (2014)63 | RCT | (1) Kenneth Jones+ITB tenodesis | 55 | 28.6 ± 4.69 | 35.4 | 23.4 (6-45) | ITB tenodesis (ITB) | BPTB - Kenneth Jones (patellar) |
| (2) Kenneth Jones | 52 | 27.7 ± 4.75 | 37.8 | 24.5 (6-63) | — | Kenneth Jones (patellar) | ||
| Vadalà (2013)64 | RCT | (1) SB+MacIntosh | 27 (0:27) | 26 (15-40) | 2-mo minimum | 45.2 (38-50) | MacIntosh, modified Cocker-Arnold (ITB) | SB (ST+gracilis) |
| (2) SB | 28 (0:28) | 28 (15-40) | 2-mo minimum | 43.1 (36-50) | — | SB (ST+gracilis) | ||
aDashes indicate not applicable. ACLR, anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction; ALLR, anterolateral ligament reconstruction; BPTB, bone–patellar tendon–bone; DB, double bundle; F, female; ITB, iliotibial band; M, male; NR, not reported; Prosp, prospective study; RCT, randomized controlled trial; Retrosp, retrospective study; SB, single bundle; ST, semitendinosus tendon.
bData are reported as mean (range).