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. 2021 Sep 3;19:5019–5028. doi: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.08.053

Table 1.

Free energies calculated for formation of trimeric spike with one, two, and three ACE-2/B0AT dimers (without transmembrane domains and without glycans because neither is directly involved in complex formation).a.

Spike trimer: ACE-2 dimer Binding Free energy (ΔG0, kcal/mole)
Vacuum Solvation Overall
1:1 as in Complex-1 −171.5 177.1 5.6
1:2 as in Complex-2 −1845.9 1790.8 −55.2
1:3 as in Complex-3 −2395.3 2295.1 −100.2

a.Omission of transmembrane domains and glycans can affect solvent energy to some extent, which would be likely canceled out because they are far away from the site of complex formation.