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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Soc Sci Res. 2021 May 2;97:102576. doi: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2021.102576

Table 5.

Significant Effect Pathways Linking Father Absence to Educational Attainment in Gender-Difference Models

Pathway from Father Absence to Educational Attainment Effect Estimate
 Subtotal
Male Female Male Female
Father Absence →Family income per capita → Educational Attainment -- 0.377**
(0.128)
→Family income per capita →Adults at home with reading ability → 0.012 (0.007) --
→Family income per capita →Adults at home with reading ability →Educational achievement → 0.002 (0.002) --
→Family income per capita →Adults at home with reading ability →Number of books →Educational achievement → 0.000 (0.000) --
→Family income per capita →Number of books →Educational achievement → 0.003 (0.003) 0.036 (0.026)
0.018*
(0.009)		 0.413**
(0.140)
→Adults at home with reading ability → −0.425**
(0.157)		 0.632**
(0.177)
→Adults at home with reading ability →Educational achievement → −0.081 (0.042) --
→Adults at home with reading ability →Number of books →Educational achievement → −0.008 (0.006) −0.024 (0.014)
−0.515***
(0.157)		 −0.657***
(0.144)
Total −0.496***
(0.154)		 −0.244
(0.199)

Note: Robust standard errors in parentheses.

*

< .05

**

< .01

***

< .001