Table 3.

Determinants of localism (Marginal effects)

	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)	(9)	(10)
Variables	Culture	Culture	Culture	Culture	Culture	Cult.+Leg.	Cult.+Leg.	Cult.+Leg.	Cult.+Leg.	Cult.+Leg.
Social trust	− 0.0925***	− 0.0751***	− 0.0673***	− 0.0647***	− 0.0748***	− 0.0628*	− 0.0635**	− 0.0426	− 0.0438	− 0.0370
	(− 3.51)	(− 3.41)	(− 3.01)	(− 2.82)	(− 2.94)	(− 1.81)	(− 1.98)	(− 1.06)	(− 1.06)	(− 0.95)
Tight-loose	− 0.428	− 0.304	− 0.263	− 0.251	− 0.491	− 0.132	− 0.186	− 0.0109	− 0.0396	− 0.112
	(− 1.16)	(− 0.95)	(− 0.68)	(− 0.63)	(− 1.29)	(− 0.22)	(− 0.34)	(− 0.02)	(− 0.07)	(− 0.19)
Legal quality						− 0.00236	− 0.000928	− 0.00196	− 0.00166	− 0.00296
						(− 0.83)	(− 0.39)	(− 0.71)	(− 0.60)	(− 1.16)
Congestion2		0.158***	0.168***	0.171***			0.158***	0.168***	0.171***
		(4.78)	(4.79)	(5.01)			(4.87)	(4.91)	(5.14)
Congestion3		0.446***	0.435***	0.439***			0.444***	0.431***	0.436***
		(8.37)	(8.93)	(9.19)			(8.35)	(9.13)	(9.51)
Access2		0.0349	0.00176	0.00179			0.0345	0.000571	0.000665
		(0.99)	(0.06)	(0.06)			(0.96)	(0.02)	(0.02)
Access3		0.195**	0.143*	0.143*			0.195**	0.142*	0.141*
		(2.14)	(1.78)	(1.86)			(2.11)	(1.73)	(1.82)
Access4		− 0.0575	− 0.0903	− 0.0777			− 0.0546	− 0.0852	− 0.0740
		(− 0.55)	(− 1.10)	(− 0.86)			(− 0.53)	(− 1.02)	(− 0.82)
Ability1			0.132***	0.142***	0.143***			0.134***	0.143***	0.146***
			(4.53)	(4.96)	(4.12)			(4.52)	(4.95)	(4.19)
Pollution1			0.0187	0.0194	0.0329			0.0224	0.0226	0.0375
			(0.40)	(0.42)	(0.56)			(0.46)	(0.47)	(0.63)
Frequency2				0.0239					0.0235
				(1.00)					(0.97)
Frequency3				0.00805					0.00745
				(0.21)					(0.19)
Length2				− 0.0105					− 0.0105
				(− 0.30)					(− 0.29)
Length3				− 0.0225					− 0.0207
				(− 0.33)					(− 0.31)
Wave quality2	0.0707**	0.0572*	0.0403		0.0497	0.0730**	0.0582*	0.0422		0.0529
	(1.99)	(1.91)	(1.25)		(1.42)	(2.07)	(1.93)	(1.29)		(1.50)
Wave quality3	0.114**	0.0821**	0.0369		0.0359	0.114**	0.0821**	0.0364		0.0358
	(2.22)	(2.11)	(0.91)		(0.75)	(2.12)	(2.07)	(0.86)		(0.72)
Tourism1					0.202***					0.199***
					(6.42)					(6.81)
Urban1					0.00410					0.00782
					(0.16)					(0.30)
Observations	750	750	750	750	750	750	750	750	750	750
Prob	0.0113	0	0	0	0	0.0260	0	0	0	0
$Ch{i}^2$	13.00	198.4	168.6	171.5	149.0	12.73	235.5	224.6	248.9	141.1
$R^2$	0.0376	0.136	0.159	0.158	0.114	0.0386	0.136	0.159	0.158	0.116

Standard errors in parentheses: $\ast p<0.10$, $\ast \ast p<0.05$, $\ast \ast \ast p<0.01$