Table 5.

Determinants of wave quality

Variables	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)	(9)	(10)
	Culture	Culture	Culture	Culture	Culture	Cult. + Leg.	Cult. + Leg.	Cult. + Leg.	Cult. + Leg.	Cult. + Leg.
Social trust	− 0.159	− 0.120	− 0.0603	0.000928	− 0.140	− 0.461	− 0.441	− 0.299	− 0.253	− 0.423
	(− 0.85)	(− 0.66)	(− 0.34)	(0.01)	(− 0.82)	(− 0.84)	(− 0.79)	(− 0.53)	(− 0.45)	(− 0.79)
Tight-loose	2.622	2.838	2.704	5.137	2.590	− 0.110	− 0.0658	0.559	2.878	0.0676
	(0.38)	(0.41)	(0.37)	(0.75)	(0.36)	(− 0.01)	(− 0.01)	(0.08)	(0.44)	(0.01)
Legal quality						0.0245	0.0261	0.0192	0.0206	0.0227
						(0.53)	(0.55)	(0.40)	(0.42)	(0.50)
Congestion2		0.307*	0.341*	0.256			0.321*	0.351*	0.267
		(1.72)	(1.87)	(1.47)			(1.77)	(1.88)	(1.52)
Congestion3		0.268	0.198	0.184			0.299	0.227	0.216
		(0.81)	(0.63)	(0.63)			(0.85)	(0.66)	(0.68)
Access2		0.148	− 0.0765	− 0.0696			0.163	− 0.0627	− 0.0527
		(0.50)	(− 0.27)	(− 0.24)			(0.55)	(− 0.23)	(− 0.19)
Access3		0.878	0.510	0.387			0.917	0.544	0.426
		(1.34)	(0.79)	(0.57)			(1.37)	(0.83)	(0.62)
Access4		1.809*	1.383	1.506			1.729	1.324	1.455
		(1.65)	(1.29)	(1.53)			(1.58)	(1.24)	(1.47)
Ability1			0.992***	0.944***	0.997***			0.977***	0.930***	0.983***
			(4.14)	(4.02)	(3.67)			(4.03)	(3.94)	(3.56)
Pollution1			0.134	0.184	0.218			0.108	0.155	0.193
			(0.56)	(0.77)	(0.99)			(0.48)	(0.69)	(0.93)
Frequency2				0.525***					0.533***
				(3.32)					(3.42)
Frequency3				0.741***					0.762***
				(4.74)					(4.92)
Length2				0.651***					0.647***
				(3.69)					(3.70)
Length3				0.747					0.719
				(1.59)					(1.57)
Tourism1					0.395*					0.416*
					(1.82)					(1.89)
Urban1					− 0.541**					− 0.556**
					(− 2.44)					(− 2.48)
Observations	750	750	750	750	750	750	750	750	750	750
Prob	0.0113	0	0	0	0	0.0260	0	0	0	0
$Ch{i}^2$	13.00	198.4	168.6	171.5	149.0	12.73	235.5	224.6	248.9	141.1
$R^2$	0.0376	0.136	0.159	0.158	0.114	0.0386	0.136	0.159	0.158	0.116

Standard errors in parentheses: $\ast$ $p<0.10$, $\ast \ast$ $p<0.05$, $\ast \ast \ast$ $p<0.01$