. 2021 Sep 15;190(1-2):175–204. doi: 10.1007/s11127-021-00929-3

Table 6.

Determinants of localism (Bootlegged SE)

Variables	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)	(9)	(10)
Variables	Culture	Culture	Culture	Culture	Culture	Cult. + Leg.	Cult. + Leg.	Cult. + Leg.	Cult. + Leg.	Cult. + Leg.
Social trust	− 0.332***	− 0.300***	− 0.277***	− 0.266***	− 0.292***	− 0.225	− 0.254	− 0.175**	− 0.180	− 0.145
	(− 4.06)	(− 3.14)	(− 4.66)	(− 3.14)	(− 3.55)	(− 1.52)	(− 1.45)	(− 2.05)	(− 1.24)	(− 0.92)
Tight-loose	− 1.535	− 1.217	− 1.081	− 1.031	− 1.920	− 0.475	− 0.745	− 0.0446	− 0.163	− 0.440
	(− 0.98)	(− 0.58)	(− 0.56)	(− 0.55)	(− 1.27)	(− 0.23)	(− 0.42)	(− 0.02)	(− 0.06)	(− 0.22)
Legal quality						− 0.00848	− 0.00371	− 0.00805	− 0.00681	− 0.0116
						(− 0.75)	(− 0.35)	(− 1.00)	(− 0.67)	(− 1.27)
Congestion2		0.623***	0.678***	0.689***			0.621***	0.674***	0.687***
		(6.11)	(8.21)	(6.18)			(3.84)	(7.13)	(6.79)
Congestion3		1.409***	1.425***	1.437***			1.405***	1.415***	1.428***
		(7.36)	(7.61)	(9.08)			(7.82)	(7.31)	(8.07)
Access2		0.138	0.00732	0.00741			0.136	0.00237	0.00276
		(0.94)	(0.06)	(0.05)			(1.01)	(0.02)	(0.02)
Access3		0.665*	0.513*	0.511*			0.664***	0.507	0.504*
		(1.83)	(1.78)	(1.83)			(2.82)	(1.63)	(1.84)
Access4		− 0.265	− 0.446	− 0.372			− 0.250	− 0.415	− 0.351
		(− 0.43)	(− 0.72)	(− 0.71)			(− 0.35)	(− 0.85)	(− 0.64)
Ability1			0.508***	0.544***	0.521***			0.515***	0.549***	0.532***
			(3.06)	(3.88)	(4.37)			(3.40)	(4.60)	(4.11)
Pollution1			0.0757	0.0783	0.125			0.0902	0.0908	0.142
			(0.63)	(0.53)	(1.13)			(0.62)	(0.74)	(0.89)
Frequency2				0.0989					0.0972
				(0.52)					(0.61)
Frequency3				0.0340					0.0315
				(0.16)					(0.13)
Length2				− 0.0433					− 0.0431
				(− 0.35)					(− 0.34)
Length3				− 0.0943					− 0.0865
				(− 0.46)					(− 0.23)
Wave quality2	0.271*	0.241*	0.170		0.200	0.280**	0.245	0.178		0.214
	(1.86)	(1.78)	(1.22)		(1.56)	(2.38)	(1.42)	(1.25)		(1.37)
Wave quality3	0.413**	0.334**	0.157		0.147	0.415***	0.334	0.155		0.148
	(2.33)	(2.28)	(0.79)		(0.97)	(3.03)	(1.38)	(0.76)		(0.87)
Tourism1					0.720***					0.711***
					(7.93)					(5.00)
Urban1					0.0160					0.0305
					(0.10)					(0.25)
Observations	750	750	750	750	750	750	750	750	750	750
p	0.000258	0	0	0	0	6.20e−07	0	0	0	0
$C h i^{2}$	21.45	108.8	145.4	483.1	119.0	36.93	161.4	100.2	213.3	84.80
$R^{2}$	0.0376	0.136	0.159	0.158	0.114	0.0386	0.136	0.159	0.158	0.116

Standard errors in parentheses: $*$ $p < 0.10$ , $* *$ $p < 0.05$ , $* * *$ $p < 0.01$