. 2021 Sep 15;190(1-2):175–204. doi: 10.1007/s11127-021-00929-3

Table 7.

Determinants of localism (Jackknife)

Variables	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)	(9)	(10)
Variables	Culture	Culture	Culture	Culture	Culture	Cult. + Leg.	Cult. + Leg.	Cult. + Leg.	Cult. + Leg.	Cult. + Leg.
Social trust	− 0.332**	− 0.300***	− 0.277**	− 0.266**	− 0.292**	− 0.225	− 0.254	− 0.175	− 0.180	− 0.145
	(− 2.48)	(− 3.04)	(− 2.61)	(− 2.50)	(− 2.18)	(− 1.54)	(− 1.31)	(− 0.67)	(− 0.62)	(− 0.71)
Tight-loose	− 1.535	− 1.217	− 1.081	− 1.031	− 1.920	− 0.475	− 0.745	− 0.0446	− 0.163	− 0.440
	(− 1.06)	(− 0.85)	(− 0.57)	(− 0.50)	(− 1.07)	(− 0.19)	(− 0.30)	(− 0.01)	(− 0.05)	(− 0.16)
Legal quality						− 0.00848	− 0.00371	− 0.00805	− 0.00681	− 0.0116
						(− 0.64)	(− 0.24)	(− 0.39)	(− 0.30)	(− 0.76)
Congestion2		0.623***	0.678***	0.689***			0.621***	0.674***	0.687***
		(4.92)	(4.99)	(5.20)			(4.99)	(5.04)	(5.23)
Congestion3		1.409***	1.425***	1.437***			1.405***	1.415***	1.428***
		(8.82)	(8.58)	(8.82)			(9.11)	(9.05)	(9.35)
Access2		0.138	0.00732	0.00741			0.136	0.00237	0.00276
		(1.01)	(0.06)	(0.06)			(0.99)	(0.02)	(0.02)
Access3		0.665***	0.513**	0.511**			0.664***	0.507**	0.504**
		(3.11)	(2.29)	(2.30)			(3.05)	(2.20)	(2.24)
Access4		− 0.265	− 0.446	− 0.372			− 0.250	− 0.415	− 0.351
		(− 0.71)	(− 1.29)	(− 0.91)			(− 0.67)	(− 1.20)	(− 0.85)
Ability1			0.508***	0.544***	0.521***			0.515***	0.549***	0.532***
			(4.62)	(5.04)	(4.39)			(4.50)	(4.94)	(4.48)
Pollution1			0.0757	0.0783	0.125			0.0902	0.0908	0.142
			(0.47)	(0.47)	(0.49)			(0.53)	(0.52)	(0.55)
Frequency2				0.0989					0.0972
				(0.90)					(0.87)
Frequency3				0.0340					0.0315
				(0.23)					(0.21)
Length2				− 0.0433					− 0.0431
				(− 0.28)					(− 0.28)
Length3				− 0.0943					− 0.0865
				(− 0.32)					(− 0.29)
Wave quality2	0.271*	0.241*	0.170		0.200	0.280*	0.245	0.178		0.214
	(1.79)	(1.74)	(1.13)		(1.26)	(1.80)	(1.69)	(1.10)		(1.29)
Wave quality3	0.413**	0.334**	0.157		0.147	0.415**	0.334**	0.155		0.148
	(2.14)	(2.09)	(0.85)		(0.70)	(2.10)	(2.15)	(0.85)		(0.69)
Tourism1					0.720***					0.711***
					(5.83)					(6.15)
Urban1					0.0160					0.0305
					(0.14)					(0.27)
Observations	750	750	750	750	750	750	750	750	750	750
Prob	0.0637	1.84e−09	1.81e−08	1.46e−07	2.69e−09	0.111	4.36e−10	1.85e−09	1.38e−08	6.07e−09
$R^{2}$	0.0376	0.136	0.159	0.158	0.114	0.0386	0.136	0.159	0.158	0.116

Standard errors in parentheses: $*$ $p < 0.10$ , $* *$ $p < 0.05$ , $* * *$ $p < 0.01$