Table 3. Clustering symptoms and pain-specific measures in the longitudinal dataset at follow-up, as per the three clusters assigned at baseline.
| Descriptive (M ± SD) | Main effect of cluster | C1 versus C2 | C1 versus C3 | C2 versus C3 | ||||||||
| C1 | C2 | C3 | F | df | P* | P † | Cohen’s D | P † | Cohen’s D | P † | Cohen’s D | |
| Clustering symptoms: | ||||||||||||
| Fatigue | 53.49 ± 10.23 | 59.53 ± 9.33 | 65.75 ± 9.02 | 61.27 | 3, 1269 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.62 | <0.0001 | 1.27 | <0.0001 | 0.68 |
| Sleep disturbance | 50.5 ± 9.42 | 56.35 ± 8.62 | 62.76 ± 9.12 | 69.52 | 3, 1269 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.65 | <0.0001 | 1.32 | <0.0001 | 0.72 |
| Sleep impairment | 49.68 ± 9.76 | 57.25 ± 8.46 | 64.46 ± 8.72 | 104.78 | 3, 1269 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.83 | <0.0001 | 1.60 | <0.0001 | 0.84 |
| Depression | 46.19 ± 8.70 | 54.6 ± 8.35 | 63.13 ± 8.39 | 149.00 | 3, 1269 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.99 | <0.0001 | 1.98 | <0.0001 | 1.02 |
| Anxiety | 47.35 ± 9.04 | 56.33 ± 8.24 | 64.5 ± 8.45 | 153.95 | 3, 1269 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 1.04 | <0.0001 | 1.96 | <0.0001 | 0.98 |
| Anger | 42.04 ± 9.74 | 50.36 ± 9.14 | 59.05 ± 9.57 | 121.55 | 3, 1269 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.88 | <0.0001 | 1.76 | <0.0001 | 0.93 |
| Social isolation | 40.68 ± 8.25 | 48.54 ± 8.49 | 57.9 ± 8.66 | 149.69 | 3, 1269 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.94 | <0.0001 | 2.04 | <0.0001 | 1.09 |
| Emotional support | 54.92 ± 9.64 | 51.66 ± 9.38 | 47.99 ± 8.44 | 20.93 | 3, 1269 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.34 | <0.0001 | 0.76 | <0.0001 | 0.41 |
| Satisfaction with soc. roles |
48.37 ± 10.11 | 42.65 ± 8.22 | 36.14 ± 7.51 | 75.65 | 3, 1269 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.62 | <0.0001 | 1.37 | <0.0001 | 0.83 |
| Pain-specific measures: | ||||||||||||
| Pain intensity | 5.12 ± 2.31 | 5.60 ± 2.05 | 6.39 ± 1.93 | 13.76 | 3, 1269 | <0.0001 | <0.005 | 0.24 | <0.0001 | 0.88 | <0.0001 | 0.58 |
| Number of bodymap segments |
8.87 ± 10.84 | 12.44 ± 12.58 | 17.41 ± 15.45 | 14.62 | 3, 1088 | <0.0001 | <0.0005 | 0.25 | <0.0001 | 0.96 | <0.0001 | 0.45 |
| Pain interference | 60.72 ± 8.29 | 63.63 ± 7.31 | 67.91 ± 7.07 | 33.25 | 3, 1269 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.40 | <0.0001 | 1.39 | <0.0001 | 0.86 |
| Pain behavior | 56.23 ± 5.57 | 58.69 ± 4.18 | 61.07 ± 2.65 | 46.04 | 3, 1269 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.70 | <0.0001 | 1.64 | <0.0001 | 1.27 |
| Physical function | 40.26 ± 9.90 | 36.86 ± 8.39 | 31.96 ± 6.75 | 12.89 | 3, 488 | <0.0001 | <0.005 | 0.45 | <0.0001 | 1.40 | <0.0001 | 1.03 |
| Phys. func. mobility | 43.86 ± 10.51 | 40.04 ± 10.09 | 35.13 ± 9.48 | 18.63 | 3, 777 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.39 | <0.0001 | 1.22 | <0.0001 | 0.73 |
| Phys. func.-up. extrem. |
44.92 ± 10.00 | 41.69 ± 8.70 | 37.88 ± 8.56 | 14.52 | 3, 777 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.37 | <0.0001 | 1.14 | <0.0001 | 0.63 |
| Pain catastrophizing | 12.57 ± 10.99 | 18.72 ± 12.14 | 29.57 ± 12.62 | 73.07 | 3, 1269 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.50 | <0.0001 | 1.98 | <0.0001 | 1.22 |
*Bonferroni threshold for ANCOVA main effects of cluster is set at P = 0.0029.
†Bonferroni threshold for t test comparisons between each two clusters is set at P = 0.001.