Table 1.
The biological functions of exosomal miRNAs in glioma.
| miRNA | Parent cell | Target cell | Pathway/target(s) | Biological function | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| miR-301a | Hypoxic-glioma cells | Normoxia glioma cells | Wnt/s-catenin | Promote radiation resistance | (46) |
| miR-151a | TMZ-resistant GBM cells | TMZ-sensitive GBM cells | Inhibiting XRCC4-mediated DNA repair | Enhances chemosensitivity to TMZ | (47) |
| miR-21 | glioma cells | Microglia | Bmpr2/Btg2 | Mediate immunosuppressive microenvironment | (48) |
| miR-1246 | Hypoxic-glioma cells | Macrophages | NF-κB | Mediate immunosuppressive microenvironment | (49) |
| miR-29a, miR-92a | Hypoxic-glioma cells | Myeloid-derived suppressor cells | microRNA-29a/Hbp1/microRNA-92a/Prkar1a | Mediate immunosuppressive microenvironment | (50) |
| miR-10a, miR-21 | Hypoxic-glioma cells | Myeloid-derived suppressor cells | miR-10a/Rora and miR-21/PTEN | Mediate immunosuppressive microenvironment | (51) |
| miR-9 | glioma cells | Endothelial cells | MYC and OCT4 | Promote tumorigenesis and angiogenesis | (39) |
| miR-21 | Glioma steam cells | Endothelial cells | miR-21/VEGF | Promotes angiogenesis | (52) |
| miR-26a | Glioma steam cells | Endothelial cells | Activated the PI3K-Akt | Promotes angiogenesis | (53) |
| miR-375 | Marrow stromal cells | Glioma cells | Inhibiting SLC31A1 | Inhibit glioma progression | (54) |
| miR-199a | Mesenchymal stem cells | Glioma cells | Downregulating AGAP2. | Inhibit proliferation, invasion, and enhance chemosensitivity | (43) |
| miR-124a | Mesenchymal stem cells | Glioma steam cells | Silencing forkhead box (FOX)A2 | Antiglioma agent | (55) |
| miR-146b | Marrow stromal cells | Gliosarcoma cells | EGFR/NF-kB | Reduce glioma growth in vivo | (56) |
| miR-584 | Mesenchymal stem cells | Glioma cells | AKT and MAPK | Suppress tumor progress | (57) |
| miR-7 | Mesenchymal stem cells | Glioblastoma cells | miR-7-XIAP | Increase apoptosis and suppress growth | (58) |
| miR-302-367 | Glioma steam cells | Glioblastoma cells | CXCR4/SDF1 | Inhibit growth | (59) |
| miR-124 | Mesenchymal stem cells | Glioblastoma cells | Inhibiting CDK6 | Inhibit proliferation, migration, and confer chemosensitivity | (60) |
| miR-1 | Glioblastoma cells | Endothelial cells and glioblastoma cells |
ANXA2 | Inhibit angiogenesis, invasion, and neurosphere formation | (61) |
| miR-1587 | Mesenchymal stem cells | Glioma stem cells | Inhibiting NCOR1 | Increase tumorigenicity | (41) |
| miR-451/21 | Glioma cells | Microglia/macrophages | kinase B1 (LKB1)/AMP-activated protein kinase | Promote proliferation and immune suppression | (62) |
| miR-148a | Glioma cells | Glioma cells | CADM1/STAT3 | Promote proliferation and metastasis | (44) |
| miR-221 | U87MG | SHG-44 | DNM3 | Promote proliferation, migration, and TMZ resistance | (63) |
| miR-1238 | Glioblastoma cells | Temozolomide-sensitive cells | EGFR-PI3K-Akt-mTOR | Promote proliferation, migration, and TMZ resistance | (30) |