Table 1.
Sample profile and balance at baseline between prepandemic and postpandemic cohorts
| Full sample (n=1376) | Prepandemic cohorts 1 and 2 (n=573) | Postpandemic cohorts 3 and 4 (n=803) | Prepandemic vs postpandemic cohort differences (95% CI) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participants' characteristics | |||||
| Caregiver's age, years | 29·06 (9·26) | 29·07 (9·30) | 29·05 (9·24) | −0·02 (−1·008 to 0·979) | 0·98 |
| Caregiver is female | 1319 (95·9%) | 538 (93·9%) | 781 (97·3%) | 0·03 (0·012 to 0·055) | 0·0020 |
| Mother is caregiver | 1199 (87·1%) | 487 (85·0%) | 712 (88·7%) | 0·04 (0·001 to 0·073) | 0·045 |
| Caregiver's years of education | 11·85 (3·67) | 11·86 (3·90) | 11·85 (3·51) | −0·01 (−0·404 to 0·384) | 0·96 |
| Household characteristics | |||||
| Household size | 5·00 (1·99) | 5·00 (2·06) | 5·00 (1·95) | 0·01 (−0·209 to 0·219) | 0·96 |
| Number of children younger than 5 years | 1·29 (0·56) | 1·32 (0·57) | 1·27 (0·55) | −0·05 (−0·107 to 0·013) | 0·13 |
| Index child age, months | 35·30 (8·38) | 34·53 (6·57) | 35·85 (9·42) | 1·31 (0·417 to 2·209) | 0·0041 |
| Two-parent household | 967 (70·3%) | 399 (69·6%) | 568 (70·7%) | 0·01 (−0·038 to 0·060) | 0·66 |
| Highest years of education in the household | 12·69 (3·31) | 12·68 (3·50) | 12·71 (3·18) | 0·03 (−0·324 to 0·388) | 0·86 |
| Asset index | −0·26 (1·37) | −0·20 (1·34) | −0·29 (1·38) | −0·09 (−0·236 to 0·056) | 0·23 |
| Access to public water supply | 734 (53·3%) | 300 (52·4%) | 434 (54·0%) | 0·02 (−0·037 to 0·070) | 0·54 |
| Access to sewage service | 300 (21·8%) | 112 (19·5%) | 188 (23·4) | 0·04 (−0·006 to 0·083) | 0·087 |
| Beneficiary of conditional cash transfers | 585 (42·5%) | 277 (48·3%) | 308 (38·4%) | −0·10 (−0·153 to −0·047) | 0·0002 |
| Monthly household income per capita (2017 US$) | 267·84 (629·66) | 266·97 (484·43) | 268·45 (715·80) | 1·48 (−66·087 to 69·058) | 0·97 |
| Head of household is employed in the previous week | 1136/1374 (82·7%) | 464 (81·0%) | 672/801 (83·9%) | 0·03 (−0·011 to 0·070) | 0·16 |
| Head of household has a formal job | 286/1346 (21·2%) | 115/557 (20·6%) | 171/789 (21·7%) | 0·01 (−0·034 to 0·055) | 0·65 |
| Days worked by head of household in a month | 23·75 (6·43); n=1105 | 23·35 (6·57); n=439 | 24·02 (6·32); n=666 | −0·20 (−1·054 to 0·653) | 0·087 |
| Exposure to violence | |||||
| Victim of direct violence | 1127 (81·9%) | 464 (81·0%) | 663 (82·6%) | 0·02 (−0·025 to 0·057) | 0·45 |
| Number of violent events | 2·36 (1·80) | 2·41 (1·87) | 2·33 (1·75) | −0·08 (−0·274 to 0·112) | 0·41 |
| Internally displaced persons | 787 (57·2%) | 349 (60·9%) | 438 (54·5%) | −0·06 (−0·117 to −0·011) | 0·019 |
| Mental health | |||||
| Anxiety T-score | 57·09 (6·87) | 57·21 (6·74) | 57·01 (6·96) | −0·20 (−0·938 to 0·536) | 0·59 |
| Anxiety above risk threshold | 220 (16·0%) | 85 (14·8%) | 135 (16·8%) | 0·02 (−0·02 to 0·059) | 0·32 |
| Depression T-score | 59·80 (6·99) | 59·91 (7·07) | 59·73 (6·93) | −0·19 (−0·936 to 0·564) | 0·63 |
| Depression above risk threshold | 376 (27·3%) | 151 (26·3%) | 225 (28·0%) | 0·02 (−0·031 to 0·065) | 0·49 |
| Parenting Stress Index T-score | 52·64 (7·08) | 52·14 (7·45) | 53·00 (6·79) | 0·87 (0·11 to 1·628) | 0·025 |
| Parenting Stress Index above risk threshold (73rd percentile was used as the cutoff) | 450 (32·7%) | 169 (29·5%) | 281 (35·0%) | 0·06 (0·005 to 0·105) | 0·032 |
Data are mean (SD), number (%), mean-difference test between the prepandemic cohorts and the postpandemic cohorts (95% CI), and p value for the difference. Cohorts 1 and 2 are referred to as the prepandemic cohorts because all assessments were administered before to the pandemic. Cohorts 3 and 4 are referred to as the postpandemic cohorts because their final assessment was conducted 2–5 weeks into the pandemic.