Table 1. Patient demographics and clinical characteristics stratified by sex.
| Variable | Female (n = 1,339) | Male (n = 4,911) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age* | 67 (59–74) | 66 (59–74) | 0.447 | |
| Obesity (BMI > 30) | 579 (40.4%) | 1,858 (36.3%) | 0.005 | |
| Smoking | 627 (46.8%) | 2,609 (53.1%) | <0.001 | |
| Diabetes | 745 (52.0%) | 2,106 (41.2%) | <0.001 | |
| Hypertension | 1,278 (89.1%) | 4,298 (84.0%) | <0.001 | |
| Dialysis dependence | 17 (1.2%) | 78 (1.5%) | 0.342 | |
| History of cardiac Intervention | 287 (20.0%) | 1,002 (19.6%) | 0.723 | |
| History of MI | 727 (50.7%) | 2,298 (44.9%) | <0.001 | |
| History of CABG | 18 (1.3%) | 100 (2.0%) | 0.078 | |
| Heart failure | 269 (18.8%) | 641 (12.5%) | <0.001 | |
| History of arrythmia | 172 (12.0%) | 631 (12.3%) | 0.760 | |
| Preoperative variables | ||||
| ACE Inhibitors | 579 (40.5%) | 1,958 (38.5%) | 0.156 | |
| Anti-platelets | 340 (23.7%) | 1,040 (20.3%) | 0.006 | |
| Heparin | 780 (54.4%) | 2,278 (44.5%) | <0.001 | |
| Beta Blockers | 1274 (88.8%) | 4487 (87.7%) | 0.515 | |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.07 ± 0.94 | 1.19 ± 0.99 | <0.001 | |
| Ejection Fraction <45 | 358 (26.2%) | 1,470 (30.5%) | 0.002 | |
| Presentation | ||||
| No symptoms | 36 (2.7%) | 228 (4.8%) | <0.001 | |
| Stable angina | 509 (37.9%) | 2079 (43.6%) | ||
| Unstable angina | 478 (35.6%) | 1502 (31.5%) | ||
| NSTEMI | 256 (19.1%) | 773 (16.2%) | ||
| STEMI | 45 (3.3%) | 132 (2.8%) | ||
| Other | 19 (1.4%) | 56 (1.1%) | ||
| Cardiogenic shock at presentation | 11 (0.8%) | 32 (0.7%) | 0.606 | |
| Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) | 96 (7.2%) | 283 (5.8%) | 0.010 | |
| Intraoperative variables | ||||
| Cross-clamp time (minutes)* | 65 (52–80) | 65 (51–79) | 0.329 | |
| Bypass time (minutes)* | 82 (67–99) | 80 (66–96) | 0.179 | |
| Number of diseased vessels | ||||
| One | 56 (4.2%) | 133 (2.7%) | 0.001 | |
| Two | 270 (20.2%) | 853 (17.4%) | ||
| Three | 1010 (75.4%) | 3922 (79.9%) | ||
| Number of arterial grafts | ||||
| 0 | 76 (5.7%) | 126 (2.6%) | <0.001 | |
| 1 | 1166 (87.1%) | 4349 (88.6%) | ||
| 2 | 55 (4.1%) | 261 (5.3%) | ||
| 3 | 33 (2.5%) | 154 (3.1%) | ||
| 4 | 9 (0.6%) | 9 (0.4%) | ||
| 5 | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.02%) | ||
| IMA utilization | ||||
| No IMA | 119 (8.9%) | 301 (6.1%) | <0.001 | |
| Left IMA | 1160 (86.6%) | 4334 (88.3%) | ||
| Right IMA | 6 (0.5%) | 15 (0.3%) | ||
| Bilateral IMA | 54 (4.0%) | 269 (5.3%) | ||
| Number of venous grafts | ||||
| 0 | 120 (9.0%) | 399 (8.1%) | <0.001 | |
| 1 | 233 (17.4%) | 659 (13.4%) | ||
| 2 | 513 (38.3%) | 1793 (36.5%) | ||
| 3 | 383 (28.6%) | 1584 (32.3%) | ||
| 4 | 81 (6.0%) | 428 (8.7%) | ||
| 5 | 9 (0.7%) | 48 (1.0%) | ||
BMI: Body mass index; MI: myocardial infarction; CABG: Coronary artery bypass grafting; ACE: angiotensin converting enzyme; IMA: Internal mammary artery.
*Reported as median (Interquartile range).