Table 3.
Yearly Change in zBMI and OWOB in the Overall Sample and by Subgroup
| Children with pre-pandemic measures only |
Children with pre-pandemic and during-pandemic measures |
Between group (before pandemic) |
Within group (during pandemic compared with before pandemic)a |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Before pandemic (SE) | Before pandemic (SE) | During pandemic (SE) | Diff (95% CI) | Diff (95% CI) | Odds of OWOB (95% CI) |
| Overall sample | 0.03 (0.05) | 0.03 (0.06) | 0.34 (0.11) | 0.00 (−0.09, 0.08) | 0.31 (0.19, 0.44) | 1.80 (1.40, 2.33) |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 0.08 (0.08) | 0.05 (0.09) | 0.34 (0.16) | −0.03 (−0.15, 0.09) | 0.29 (0.12, 0.46) | 1.97 (1.30, 2.98) |
| Female | −0.04 (0.07) | −0.02 (0.09) | 0.31 (0.16) | 0.02 (−0.11, 0.14) | 0.33 (0.16, 0.50) | 1.71 (1.25, 2.35) |
| Race | ||||||
| Black | 0.10 (0.03) | 0.08 (0.06) | 0.49 (0.13) | −0.02 (−0.14, 0.10) | 0.41 (0.21, 0.60) | 2.57 (1.58, 4.19) |
| White | 0.05 (0.04) | 0.03 (0.06) | 0.25 (0.13) | −0.02 (−0.15, 0.10) | 0.22 (0.06, 0.39) | 2.79 (1.07, 7.24) |
| Other race | 0.03 (0.10) | 0.13 (0.15) | 0.37 (0.28) | 0.10 (−0.21, 0.40) | 0.24 (−0.10, 0.59) | 1.24 (0.85, 1.79) |
| Weight status | ||||||
| Normal weight | 0.01 (0.09) | 0.00 (0.10) | 0.58 (0.18) | −0.01 (−0.15, 0.12) | 0.58 (0.40, 0.76) | 7.50 (3.09, 18.16) |
| OWOB | −0.05 (0.07) | −0.06 (0.08) | −0.05 (0.15) | −0.01 (−0.11, 0.10) | 0.00 (−0.14, 0.15) | 1.44 (0.44, 4.78) |
| Grade | ||||||
| Lower elementary (K‒2nd grade) | −0.01 (0.08) | 0.02 (0.09) | 0.24 (0.16) | 0.03 (−0.08, 0.13) | 0.23 (0.08, 0.37) | 1.65 (1.18, 2.29) |
| Upper elementary (3rd–6th grade) | 0.11 (0.08) | 0.05 (0.10) | 0.47 (0.18) | −0.06 (−0.21, 0.09) | 0.42 (0.22, 0.63) | 2.13 (1.46, 3.12) |
Note: Boldface indicates statistical significance (p≤0.05).
Change in zBMI of 0 would indicate that a child has maintained their BMI over time, relative to that in other children of the same age and sex during the same timeframe, whereas an increase would indicate that their BMI gain has increased more rapidly, and a negative change score would indicate that a child's BMI gain has increased less rapidly than that of their same age and sex peers in the reference sample.
Diff in yearly zBMI change during pandemic compared with that before the pandemic in children with both prepandemic and during-pandemic measures.
Diff, difference; K‒2nd grade, kindergarten–Grade 2; OWOB, overweight or obesity; zBMI, BMI z-score.