Table 1.
Representation of case reports on COVID-19 associated Mucormycosis with detailed prognosis.
| S. No. | Gender | Medical history | Stage of COVID -19 infection | Therapy adopted | Predisposing factor for mucormycosis | Time of onset of symptoms & clinical manifestation | Histological examination | Present condition | Country and reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | M/60 | Diabetes | Severe | High-dose steroid for COVID 19. Methylprednisolone |
Hyperglycemic steroid for COVID-19 | 12 days; Periorbital facial pain, oedema and acute vision loss Diagnosed as Rhino-orbital mucormycosis |
Non-septate fungi | Death | India Mehta and Pandey, 2020 |
| 2. | F/33 | Diabetes Asthma hypertension |
Severe | No steroids Remdesivir Vancomycin |
DKA Diabetic ketoacidosis | 2 days; Necrosis in nasal and palate, left eye ptosis, confused mental status, ophthalmoplegia proptosis Diagnosed as Rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis |
– | Death | USA Werthman-Ehrenreich, 2021 |
| 3. | M/22 | Pancreatitis | Severe | High-dose steroid for COVID Linezolid Meropenem |
Steroid for COVID 19 treatment | 27 days; Disseminated to lymph nodes, heart, brain, and kidney Diagnosed as Pulmonary mucormycosis in lungs |
Non-septate fungi | Death | United Kingdom Hanley et al., 2020 |
| 4. | M/49 | Normal | Severe | Dexamethasone Tocilizumab Remdesivir Ceftriaxone |
Steroid for COVID 19 treatment | 21 days; Necrotic empyema, spontaneous pneumothorax Diagnosed as Pulmonary mucormycosis with Bronchopulmonary fistula |
Non-septate fungi | Death | USA Placik et al., 2020 |
| 5. | M/66 | Hypertension | Severe | Hydroxychloroquine Lopinavir–ritonavir |
Lymphopenia | 21 days; Pulmonary infiltrates and parenchymal thickening of the whole left lung, cavitary lesions and pleural effusion, opacity of the left maxillary sinus Diagnosed as Pulmonary mucormycosis |
Non-septate fungi | Death | Italy Pasero et al., 2020 |
| 6. | M/86 | Hypertension | Severe | Hydrocortisone for COVID 19. Ceftriaxone Azithromycin Oseltamivir |
Steroid for COVID 19 treatment | 5 days; Gastric ulcers, acute diarrhoea, melena, severe anaemia, and fever. Diagnosed as Gastro mucormycosis |
Non-septate fungi | Death | Brazil do Monte Junior et al., 2020 |
| 7. | M/60 | Diabetes, asthma, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia | Severe | Dexamethasone Remdesivir Convalescent plasma therapy (single dose) |
Hyperglycemia, steroid for COVID-19 | 7 days; Oedema of the eyelids and conjunctival chemosis. Extensive opacification of right maxillary, ethmoid, and frontal sinuses Diagnosed as Rhino- orbital mucormycosis |
Non-septate fungi | Death | USA Mekonnen et al., 2021 |
| 8. | 40/W | None | Mild | Remdesivir Levofloxacin Dexamethasone |
Short-term corticosteroid therapy | 8 days; Opacifications of paranasal sinuses Diagnosed as Rhino-orbitocerebral mucormycosis |
Non-septate fungi | Death | Iran Veisi et al., 2021 |
| 9. | 54/M | Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DM) | Severe | Remdesivir Levofloxacin Dexamethasone |
Short-term corticosteroid therapy | 12 days Unilateral opacifications of the left orbit and paranasal sinuses Diagnosed as rhino-orbital mucormycosis |
Non-septate fungi | Alive | Iran Veisi et al., 2021 |
| 10. | 38/M | Remdesivir Dexamethasone |
Short-term corticosteroid therapy | 18 days; Mucosal thickening involving left maxillary and ethmoid sinuses Diagnosed as sino-orbital mucormycosis |
No information Confirmed with CT scan |
Alive | India Maini et al., 2021 |
||
| 11. | 72/M | Steroidinduced diabetic, hypothyroid | Severe | Ramdevpir Methyl prednisolone convalescent plasma (2 doses) |
Impaired immune functioning |
9 days; Pneumothorax Diagnosed as pulmonary mucormycosis |
Non-septate hyphae | Alive | India Chennamchetty et al., 2021 |
| 12. | 41/M | Diabetes mellitus | Mild | Steroids and hydroxychloroquine | Developed diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) | Tissue necrosis from angioinvasion and subsequent thrombosis Diagnosed as rhinocerebral mucormycosis |
Confirmed with CT scan | Alive | USA Alekseyev et al., 2021 |
| 13. | 32/F | Uncontrolled diabetes Left eye complete ptosis and left facial pain |
Mild | Not mentioned | Immunosuppression due to COVID 19 | Opacification of the left ethmoid, maxillary and frontal sinus Diagnosed as paranasal mucormycosis |
Confirmed with CT scan | Alive | India Saldanha et al., 2021 |
| 14. | 68/M | Heart transplant recipient Diabetes mellitus |
Severe | Remdesivir Hydroxychloroquine Convalescent plasma infusion (single dose) Methylprednisolone Prednisone taper |
Previously under immunosuppressive medication for transplantation | 175 days; Purplish skin discoloration with fluctuant swelling was noted in the right axilla. Diagnosed as cutaneous mucormycosis |
Non-septate hyphae | Death | India Khatri et al., 2021 |