Table 2.
Characteristics of adult Medical ICU patients over a 5-year period between 2013 and 2019
| ARDS |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Overall, n = 4,748a | No, n = 3,558a | Yes, n = 1,190a | p valueb |
| Age | 68 (55, 78) | 67 (53, 78) | 71 (59, 79) | <0.001 |
| Female | 2,269 (47.8%) | 1,758 (49.4%) | 511 (42.9%) | <0.001 |
| Race | – | – | – | 0.6 |
| White | 2,175 (45.8%) | 1,637 (46.0%) | 538 (45.2%) | – |
| Black | 544 (11.5%) | 416 (11.7%) | 128 (10.8%) | – |
| Asian | 373 (7.9%) | 272 (7.6%) | 101 (8.5%) | – |
| Unspecified/other | 1,656 (34.9%) | 1,233 (34.7%) | 423 (35.5%) | – |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Obesity | 1,172 (24.7%) | 845 (23.7%) | 327 (27.5%) | 0.010 |
| COPD | 1,040 (21.9%) | 701 (19.7%) | 339 (28.5%) | <0.001 |
| Kidney disease | 1,079 (22.7%) | 736 (20.7%) | 343 (28.8%) | <0.001 |
| CHF | 1,029 (21.7%) | 684 (19.2%) | 345 (29.0%) | <0.001 |
| Arrhythmia | 2,064 (43.5%) | 1,425 (40.1%) | 639 (53.7%) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 1,143 (24.1%) | 874 (24.6%) | 269 (22.6%) | 0.2 |
| Hypertension | 2,273 (47.9%) | 1,667 (46.9%) | 606 (50.9%) | 0.015 |
| Liver disease | 830 (17.5%) | 578 (16.2%) | 252 (21.2%) | <0.001 |
| Malignancy | 846 (17.8%) | 621 (17.5%) | 225 (18.9%) | 0.3 |
| Acute diagnoses | ||||
| Pneumonia | 1,571 (33.1%) | 878 (24.7%) | 693 (58.2%) | <0.001 |
| Sepsis | 2,699 (56.8%) | 1,509 (42.4%) | 1,190 (100.0%) | <0.001 |
| Septic shock | 657 (13.8%) | 229 (6.4%) | 428 (36.0%) | <0.001 |
| Laboratory values | ||||
| Peak glucose (Mg/dL) | 214 (159, 322) | 197 (149, 303) | 254 (197, 358) | <0.001 |
| Peak lactate (MEq/L)c | 1.9 (1.1, 4.0) | 1.8 (1.1, 3.9) | 2.1 (1.2, 4.5) | <0.001 |
| Peak creatinine (Mg/dL)c | 1.33 (0.80, 2.58) | 1.19 (0.77, 2.31) | 1.72 (1.03, 3.15) | <0.001 |
| Peak WBC (U/L)c | 12 (7, 19) | 11 (7, 17) | 15 (9, 22) | <0.001 |
| Conditions | ||||
| Hyperglycemia | 3,256 (68.6%) | 2,230 (62.7%) | 1,026 (86.2%) | <0.001 |
| Leukopenia | 827 (17.4%) | 587 (16.5%) | 240 (20.2%) | 0.004 |
| Leukocytosis | 2,460 (51.8%) | 1,693 (47.6%) | 767 (64.5%) | <0.001 |
| Anemia | 3,677 (77.4%) | 2,676 (75.2%) | 1,001 (84.1%) | <0.001 |
| Thrombocytopenia | 2,442 (51.4%) | 1,727 (48.5%) | 715 (60.1%) | <0.001 |
| Hypothermia | 303 (6.4%) | 182 (5.1%) | 121 (10.2%) | <0.001 |
| Fever | 1,375 (29.0%) | 885 (24.9%) | 490 (41.2%) | <0.001 |
| Outcomes | ||||
| Vasopressor requirement | 1,929 (40.6%) | 1,133 (31.8%) | 796 (66.9%) | <0.001 |
| Non-invasive mechanical ventilation | 493 (10.4%) | 298 (8.4%) | 195 (16.4%) | <0.001 |
| Intubation | 1,881 (39.6%) | 886 (24.9%) | 995 (83.6%) | <0.001 |
| Intubation and HG | – | – | – | <0.001 |
| Intubation HG− | 354 (18.8%) | 231 (26.1%) | 123 (12.4%) | – |
| Intubation HG+ | 1,527 (81.2%) | 655 (73.9%) | 872 (87.6%) | – |
| In-hospital mortality | 1,094 (23.0%) | 649 (18.2%) | 445 (37.4%) | <0.001 |
| Mortality and HG | – | – | – | <0.001 |
| Mortality HG− | 177 (16.2%) | 141 (21.7%) | 36 (8.1%) | – |
| Mortality HG+ | 917 (83.8%) | 508 (78.3%) | 409 (91.9%) | – |
| ICU stay (days) | 4 (3, 8) | 4 (2, 6) | 9 (5, 14) | <0.001 |
| Hospital stay (days) | 11 (6, 22) | 9 (5, 18) | 18 (10, 31) | <0.001 |
| Hospital stay HG− (days) | 8 (4, 15) | 7 (4, 14) | 14 (7, 22) | <0.001 |
| Hospital stay Hg+ (days) | 14 (7, 25) | 11 (5, 22) | 19 (11, 32) | <0.001 |
a
Median (IQR) or frequency (%).
b
Statistical tests performed to assess association between patient characteristic and ARDS: Wilcoxon rank-sum test on continuous variables (age, laboratory values, ICU, and hospital stay); chi-square test of independence on categorical variables (all other characteristics).
c
Number of patients with missing values: peak lactate 1365; peak creatinine 109; peak WBC 129.