Table 3.
Characteristics of included studies
| Study | Disease definition | Age range (years) | Test group (n) | Test group protocol | Control group (n) | Control group protocol | Outcomes evaluated at |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chiang et al. 2020 [33] | ≥ 5mm PPD, ≥ 5mm CAL, bleeding on probing | 20–82 | (22) | Following NSPT (‘scaling tip’), 0.1% ICG was administered. Pocket was irrigated with saline to remove excess. Diode laser (810nm/0.5 + 0.2W) was used to activate the dye from various distances for 30s (anterior teeth + premolars) or 50s (molars). A second round was repeated 4–7 days later. A third round was repeated if bleeding or soreness persisted | (22) | NSPT only |
Baseline 4–6 weeks 3 months |
| Gandhi et al. 2019 [34] | ≥ 5mm PPD | 30–60 | (30) | Following NSPT (ultrasonic scaling + hand instruments), ICG was administered. Pocket was irrigated with saline to remove excess. Diode laser (810nm/0.1W) was used to activate the dye for 60s | (30) |
1) NSPT only 2) NSPT with laser therapy, but no photosensitising agent |
Baseline 1 month 3 months 6 months 9 months |
| Joshi et al. 2020 [35] | ≥ 5mm PPD, ≥ 3mm CAL | 30–60 | (29) | Following NSPT (ultrasonic scaling + hand instruments), 1mg/ml ICG was administered. Pocket was irrigated with distilled water to remove excess. Diode laser (810nm/0.2W) was used to activate the dye for 30s | (29) | NSPT only |
Baseline 3 months |
| Monzavi et al. 2016 [36] | ≥ 5mm PPD, bleeding on probing | 35–55 | (25) | Following NSPT (ultrasonic scaling + hand instruments), 1mg/ml ICG was administered. Diode laser (810nm/0.2W) was used to activate the dye from various distances for 40s. Repeated after 7, 17, and 27 days | (25) | NSPT with physiological serum and an off laser |
Baseline 1 month 3 months |
| Raut et al. 2018 [37] | ≥ 5mm PPD, ≥ 4mm CAL | 30–55 | (25) | Following NSPT (ultrasonic scaling + hand instruments), 5mg/ml ICG was administered. Pocket was irrigated with distilled water to remove excess. Diode laser (810nm/0.8W) was used to activate the dye for 60s | (25) | NSPT with physiological serum and an off laser |
Baseline 6 months |
| Sethi et al. 2019 [38] | ≥ 5mm PPD, ≥ 4mm CAL | 30–55 | (15) | Following NSPT (ultrasonic scaling + hand instruments), 5mg/ml ICG was administered. Pocket was irrigated with saline to remove excess. Diode laser (810nm/0.8W) was used to activate the dye for 60s | (15) | NSPT only |
Baseline 3 months |
| Shingnapurkar et al. 2016 [39] | ≥ 5mm PPD | 25–55 | (30) | 1 week following NSPT (ultrasonic scaling + hand instruments), 1mg/ml ICG was administered. Patient rinsed with water to remove excess. Diode laser (810nm/0.2W) was used to activate the dye for 30s | (30) | NSPT with dye and a sham laser |
Baseline 1 month 3 months |
| Srikanth et al. 2015 [40] | ≥ 5mm PPD | 30 – 55 | (30) | Following NSPT (ultrasonic scaling + hand instruments), 5mg/ml ICG was administered. Diode laser (810nm/0.7W) was used to activate the dye for 5s | (30) |
1) NSPT only 2) NSPT with laser therapy, but no photosensitising agent |
Baseline 1 week 4 weeks 12 weeks 24 weeks |