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. 2021 Sep 15;12:5462. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-25535-1

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© The Author(s) 2021, corrected publication 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — Gradients of 6-MSA, arthrosporols, and ascarosides control trap formation in D. flagrans. 6-MSA is produced at hyphal tips, while further back 6-MSA is converted to arthrosporols. Both compounds block trap formation. After successful attraction of a large number of nematodes by 6-MSA and other molecules, the concentration of ascarosides raises above a threshold. This will result in the downregulation of the artA-gene cluster genes, which in turn causes a decrease of 6-MSA and arthrosporols. If their concentration falls below a threshold, repression of trap formation is released, and traps are formed to catch the worms. After the digestion of trapped worms (red color), artA-gene cluster gene expression resumes, and increasing arthrosporols concentrations prevent unnecessary and excessive trap formation. Bigger font size symbolizes higher expression levels.