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. 2021 Sep 15;11:18356. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-97800-8

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The mRNA expression of (A) TNF-α, (B) IL-6, (C) IL-1α, and (D) IL-1β according to radiation exposure. The mRNA expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines were higher in the IR only groups compared to the controls with/without statistical significance, whereas it was significantly lower in the IR + GL groups than the IR only groups. Results are expressed as means ± SEM from duplicate experiments (n = 5) performed in each group. The asterisk (*) indicates significant differences between the control and IR groups (both IR only and IR + GL). The hash sign (#) indicates significant differences between the IR only groups and IR + GL groups. ***p < 0.001, ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001. IR irradiation, GL glycyrrhizin.