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. 2021 Sep 2;12:732790. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.732790

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Copyright © 2021 Han, Yuan, Shi, Zhu, Su, Xiong, Zhang, Zhou and Wang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effects of IL-38 on different cells. IL-38 affects the secretion of different cells such as Th17 cells, γδT cells, PBMCs, BMDMs, macrophages, THP-1 cells, etc., thereby inhibiting the production of related cytokines (IL-17, IL-22, IL-23, etc.) or promoting the production of related cytokines (IL-6 and APRIL). The inhibition or promotion effect may impact autoimmune diseases.