FIGURE 5.

Melatonin reduces ROS production in LPS-treated HK-2 cells. The HK-2 cells were cultured with MLT (5 μM), and 48 h later, cells was incubated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, L4391, Sigma) at a concentration of 1 μg/ml for 24 h. (A) Protein expression levels of NOX4 and SOD2 in the HK-2 cells were measured by Western blotting. The expression levels of NOX4 (B) and SOD2 (C) were quantified (* vs. Veh, p < 0.05; # vs. LPS, p < 0.05). Nox4 (D) and Sod2 (E) mRNA levels of cells are measured using RT-PCR (* vs. Veh, p < 0.05; # vs. LPS, p < 0.05). (F) Representative images of DHE staining of HK-2 cells (scale bar = 50 µm). (G) ROS production was quantified and presented as the mean fluorescence intensity (* vs. Veh, p < 0.05; # vs. LPS, p < 0.05).