Figure 1.

Study setup and intervention. A, A patient undergoing the ICU-specific virtual reality (VR) intervention using head-mounted display VR, a controller, and headphones. B–I, Images of the inside of the VR glasses with (B) an introduction by an intensivist and a ICU nurse to welcome the patient to the ICU and VR environment (C) explanation of devices and noises in an ICU room, (D) the necessity of central/peripheral catheters and IV drips, (E) information about mechanical ventilation, intubation, and tracheal tube suction, (F) information and necessity of the treatment team and ICU workflow, (G) an explanation of sepsis, (H and I) nature VR environments (control VR; (H) landscape, (I) water world).