TABLE 2.
Feasibility, Immersiveness, and Cybersickness Outcomes
| Measure | ICU-Specific VR (N = 25) | Control VR (N = 25) | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Feasibility | |||
| Completed initial VR, n (%) | 25 (100%) | 25 (100%) | 1.00 |
| Days between ICU discharge and initial VR, median (95% range) | 10 (5–21) | 8 (5–15) | 0.05 |
| Offered number of sessions, median (95% range) | 8 (3–8) | 8 (4–8) | 0.56 |
| Desired number of sessions, median (95% range) | 1 (1–5) | 1 (1–6) | 0.56 |
| Percent of offered sessions, median (95% range) | 25 (13–100) | 25 (13–93) | 0.87 |
| Immersiveness, median (95% range) | |||
| IPQ total scorea | 4.4 (2.4–5.3) | 3.2 (2.5–4.9) | < 0.001 |
| IPQ involvement scorea | 4.5 (2.0–5.6) | 2.1 (1.0–5.5) | < 0.001 |
| IPQ sense of presence scorea | 4.6 (2.2–5.5) | 3.7 (2.2–5.1) | < 0.01 |
| IPQ experienced realism scorea | 4.3 (1.0–5.1) | 3.5 (1.5–4.9) | < 0.01 |
| Cybersickness, median (95% range) | |||
| SSQ total scoreb | 1 (0–10) | 2 (0–7) | 0.55 |
| SSQ nausea scoreb | 0 (0–4) | 0 (0–3) | 0.84 |
| SSQ oculomotor scoreb | 1 (0–7) | 1 (0–4) | 0.87 |
| SSQ disorientation scoreb | 0 (0–4) | 1 (0–3) | 0.41 |
IPQ = Igroup Presence Questionnaire, SSQ = Simulator Sickness Questionnaire, VR = virtual reality.
aThe IPQ measures the feeling of presence within a virtual environment. The total score is the mean of all questions and ranges from 1 to 6; the involvement, sense of presence, and experienced realism scores are the mean of the questions in their section.
bThe SSQ comprises 16 questions representing a cybersickness-related symptom that is scored on a four-point Likert scale (0 = none, 3 = severe). The total SSQ score is the sum of all answers and ranges from 0 to 48. Subscales can be calculated for nausea oculomotor discomfort and disorientation and range from 0 to 21.