Table 1. Sociodemographic and Health-Related Risk Factors for TMA and IgG Positivity Among Farmworkers, Monterey County, 2020.
| Attribute | Individuals, No. (%)a | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All enrolled (N = 1107) | SARS-CoV-2 infection | ||||
| TMA positive (n = 911) | IgG positive (n = 1058) | ||||
| Yes (n = 118) | No (n = 793) | Yes (n = 201) | No (n = 857) | ||
| Recruitment site | |||||
| Clinics | 561 (50.7) | 95 (18.4)b | 420 (81.6) | 97 (18.4) | 429 (81.6) |
| Community outreach | 546 (49.3) | 23 (5.8) | 373 (94.2) | 104 (19.5) | 428 (80.5) |
| Agricultural work in the preceding 2 weeks | |||||
| No | 193 (17.4) | NA | NA | 45 (23.3)c | 148 (76.7) |
| Yes | 914 (82.6) | 118 (13.0) | 793 (87.0) | 156 (18.0) | 709 (82.0) |
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 581 (52.5) | 60 (13.0) | 400 (87.0) | 99 (18.1) | 448 (81.9) |
| Male | 526 (47.5) | 58 (12.9) | 393 (87.1) | 102 (20.0) | 409 (80.0) |
| Age, y | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 39.7 (12.6) | 39.6 (11.0) | 39.6 (12.4) | 39.6 (12.3) | 39.6 (12.6) |
| 18-29 | 275 (24.8) | 27 (12.0) | 198 (88.0) | 43 (16.3)c | 220 (83.7) |
| 30-39 | 271 (24.5) | 29 (12.9) | 195 (87.1) | 59 (22.5) | 203 (77.5) |
| 40-49 | 297 (26.8) | 42 (16.4) | 214 (83.6) | 59 (20.8) | 225 (79.2) |
| 50-59 | 198 (17.9) | 16 (10.2) | 141 (89.8) | 27 (14.5) | 159 (85.5) |
| ≥60 | 66 (6.0) | 4 (8.2) | 45 (91.8) | 13 (20.6) | 50 (79.4) |
| Education | |||||
| ≤Primary school | 488 (44.1) | 63 (15.4)b | 346 (84.6) | 100 (21.2)d | 372 (78.8) |
| >More than primary school | 618 (55.8) | 55 (11.0) | 446 (89.0) | 101 (17.3) | 484 (82.7) |
| No answer | 1 (0.1) | 0 | 1 (100.0) | 0 | 1 (100.0) |
| Marital status | |||||
| Not married or living as married | 409 (36.9) | 50 (15.3)d | 277 (84.7) | 69 (17.8) | 319 (82.2) |
| Married or living as married | 697 (63.0) | 67 (11.5) | 516 (88.5) | 132 (19.7) | 537 (80.3) |
| No answer | 1 (0.1) | 1 (100.0) | 0 | 0 | 1 (100.0) |
| Annual household income, $ | |||||
| <25 000 | 557 (50.3) | 66 (14.5) | 390 (85.5) | 101 (18.8) | 435 (81.2) |
| ≥25 000 | 494 (44.6) | 48 (11.6) | 367 (88.4) | 86 (18.5) | 380 (81.5) |
| No answer | 56 (5.1) | 4 (10.0) | 36 (90.0) | 14 (25.0) | 42 (75.0) |
| Language spoken at home | |||||
| English | 57 (5.1) | 0 (0.0) | 42 (100.0) | 12 (21.8) | 43 (78.2) |
| Indigenous | 110 (9.9) | 22 (22.7) | 75 (77.3) | 23 (21.5) | 84 (78.5) |
| Spanish | 940 (84.9) | 96 (12.4)b | 676 (87.6) | 166 (18.5) | 730 (81.5) |
| No answer | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Country of birth | |||||
| Mexico | 922 (83.3) | 104 (13.5)d | 669 (86.5) | 163 (18.4) | 721 (81.6) |
| United States | 141 (12.7) | 7 (7.0) | 93 (93.0) | 31 (23.0) | 104 (77.0) |
| Other | 44 (4.0) | 7 (18.4) | 31 (81.6) | 7 (18.0) | 32 (82.1) |
| Time in United States, y | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 21.3 (11.1) | 20.2 (10.9) | 21.0 (11.2) | 21.3 (10.6) | 21.2 (11.3) |
| <15 | 262 (23.7) | 38 (16.5)d | 193 (83.5) | 46 (18.0)d | 209 (82.0) |
| 15-19 | 191 (17.3) | 17 (10.4) | 147 (89.6) | 44 (24.0) | 139 (76.0) |
| 20-29 | 296 (26.7) | 34 (13.5) | 218 (86.5) | 49 (17.4) | 232 (82.6) |
| ≥30 | 216 (19.5) | 22 (13.4) | 142 (86.6) | 31 (15.3) | 172 (84.7) |
| Entire life | 141 (12.7) | 7 (7.0) | 93 (93.0) | 31 (23.0) | 104 (77.0) |
| No answer | 1 (0.1) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (100.0) |
| Community of residence | |||||
| Salinas | 486 (43.9) | 40 (10.4)b | 343 (89.6) | 99 (21.2)b | 369 (78.8) |
| Greenfield | 315 (28.5) | 56 (19.8) | 227 (80.2) | 63 (21.2) | 234 (78.8) |
| Other town | 306 (27.6) | 22 (9.0) | 223 (91.0) | 39 (13.3) | 254 (86.7) |
| Smoking | |||||
| Never | 899 (81.2) | 99 (13.6) | 630 (86.4) | 157 (18.4) | 698 (81.6) |
| Former | 158 (14.3) | 16 (11.4) | 124 (88.6) | 36 (23.4) | 118 (76.6) |
| Current | 49 (4.4) | 3 (7.3) | 38 (92.7) | 8 (16.7) | 40 (83.3) |
| No answer | 1 (0.1) | 0 | 1 (100.0) | 0 | 1 (100.0) |
| BMI | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 29.7 (5.5) | 29.2 (4.7) | 29.7 (5.6) | 30.4 (5.4)b | 29.4 (5.5 |
| Underweight or normal, <25 | 197 (17.8) | 18 (10.8) | 149 (89.2) | 24 (12.5)b | 168 (87.5) |
| Overweight, 25.0-29.9 | 421 (38.0) | 45 (13.0) | 302 (87.0) | 75 (18.6) | 329 (81.4) |
| Obesity, ≥30 | 461 (41.6) | 49 (13.1) | 326 (86.9) | 95 (21.7) | 342 (78.3) |
| Not collected | 28 (2.5) | 6 (27.3) | 16 (72.7) | 7 (28.0) | 18 (72.0) |
| Self-reported hypertension | |||||
| No | 954 (86.2) | 106 (13.5) | 680 (86.5) | 171 (18.7) | 744 (81.3) |
| Yes | 149 (13.5) | 12 (9.8) | 110 (90.2) | 29 (20.9) | 110 (79.1) |
| No answer | 4 (0.4) | 0 | 3 (100.0) | 1 (25.0) | 3 (75.0) |
| Self-reported diabetes | |||||
| No | 977 (88.3) | 109 (13.6)d | 694 (86.4) | 172 (18.4)d | 762 (81.6) |
| Yes | 126 (11.4) | 9 (8.6) | 96 (91.4) | 28 (23.3) | 92 (76.7) |
| No answer | 4 (0.4) | 0 | 3 (100.0) | 1 (25.0) | 3 (75.0) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); IgG, immunoglobulin G; NA, not applicable; TMA, transcription-mediated amplification.
a
Missing entries were excluded from bivariate analyses.
b
P < .05.
c
P < .10.
d
P < .20.