Table 2. Household and Community Risk Factors for TMA and IgG Positivity Among Farmworkers, Monterey County, 2020.
| Attribute | Individuals, No. (%)a | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All enrolled (N = 1107) | SARS-CoV-2 infection | ||||
| TMA positive (n = 911) | IgG positive (n = 1058) | ||||
| Yes (n = 118) | No (n = 793) | Yes (n = 201) | No (n = 857) | ||
| Type of housing | |||||
| House | 522 (47.2) | 60 (13.5) | 383 (86.5) | 101 (20.6) | 389 (79.4) |
| Apartment | 481 (43.5) | 48 (12.9) | 324 (87.1) | 85 (18.2) | 383 (81.8) |
| Hotel or motel | 37 (3.3) | 6 (16.7) | 30 (83.3) | 5 (13.5) | 32 (86.5) |
| Trailer or mobile home | 43 (3.9) | 3 (7.7) | 36 (92.3) | 8 (19.5) | 33 (80.5) |
| Other | 24 (2.2) | 1 (4.8) | 20 (95.2) | 2 (9.1) | 20 (90.9) |
| Household size | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 5.5 (2.5) | 5.5 (2.4) | 5.4 (2.3) | 5.9 (2.6)b | 5.4 (2.6) |
| 0 others | 12 (1.1) | 2 (18.2) | 9 (81.8) | 3 (25.0)b | 9 (75.0) |
| 1-3 others | 397 (35.9) | 41 (12.4) | 290 (87.6) | 58 (15.3) | 321 (84.7) |
| 4-6 others | 512 (46.3) | 51 (12.3) | 363 (87.7) | 93 (19.1) | 393 (80.9) |
| ≥7 others | 186 (16.8) | 24 (15.5) | 131 (84.5) | 47 (26.0) | 134 (74.0) |
| Children <18 y living in the home | |||||
| No | 277 (25.0) | 28 (11.9) | 207 (88.1) | 43 (16.0)c | 225 (84.0) |
| Yes | 829 (74.9) | 90 (13.3) | 585 (86.7) | 157 (19.9) | 632 (80.1) |
| No answer | 1 (0.1) | 0 | 1 (100.0) | 1 (100.0) | 0 |
| Children ≤5 y living in the home | |||||
| No | 699 (63.1) | 79 (13.7) | 498 (86.3) | 110 (16.4)b | 559 (83.6) |
| Yes | 408 (36.9) | 39 (11.7) | 295 (88.3) | 91 (23.4) | 298 (76.6) |
| Children attending school or daycare | |||||
| No | 1018 (92.0) | 105 (12.6) | 726 (87.4) | 184 (18.9) | 792 (81.1) |
| Yes | 85 (7.7) | 12 (15.8) | 64 (84.2) | 16 (20.5) | 62 (79.5) |
| No answer | 4 (0.4) | 1 (25.0) | 3 (75.0) | 1 (25.0) | 3 (75.0) |
| Living with unrelated roommates | |||||
| No | 901 (81.4) | 93 (12.7) | 639 (87.3) | 156 (18.1)c | 704 (81.9) |
| Yes | 206 (18.6) | 25 (14.0) | 154 (86.0) | 45 (22.7) | 153 (77.3) |
| Living with other farmworkers | |||||
| No | 281 (25.4) | 26 (11.6) | 198 (88.4) | 49 (18.4) | 218 (81.6) |
| Yes | 823 (74.3) | 92 (13.5) | 592 (86.5) | 151 (19.2) | 637 (80.8) |
| No answer | 3 (0.3) | 0 | 3 (100.0) | 1 (33.3) | 2 (66.7) |
| Persons per bedroom | |||||
| ≤2 | 703 (63.5) | 71 (12.3) | 505 (87.7) | 113 (17.0)b | 553 (83.0) |
| >2 | 404 (36.5) | 47 (14.0) | 288 (86.0) | 88 (22.4) | 304 (77.6) |
| Access to washing machine at home | |||||
| No | 411 (37.1) | 49 (14.2) | 296 (85.8) | 77 (19.5) | 318 (80.5) |
| Yes | 696 (62.9) | 69 (12.2) | 497 (87.8) | 124 (18.7) | 539 (81.3) |
| Left home for nonessential reasons during past 2 wk | |||||
| No | 957 (86.5) | 104 (13.0) | 693 (87.0) | 169 (18.5) | 745 (81.5) |
| Yes | 144 (13.0) | 12 (11.0) | 97 (89.0) | 29 (21.0) | 109 (79.0) |
| No answer | 6 (0.5) | 2 (40.0) | 3 (60.0) | 3 (50.0) | 3 (50.0) |
| Used public transportation or ride share services in past 2 wk | |||||
| No | 1039 (93.9) | 113 (13.2)c | 745 (86.8) | 189 (19.1) | 801 (80.9) |
| Yes | 62 (5.6) | 3 (6.3) | 45 (93.8) | 8 (14.5) | 53 (85.5) |
| No answer | 6 (0.5) | 2 (40.0) | 3 (60.0) | 3 (50.0) | 3 (50.0) |
| Attended social gatherings with nonhousehold members in past 2 wk | |||||
| No | 993 (89.7) | 105 (12.8) | 714 (87.2) | 181 (19.1) | 768 (80.9) |
| Yes | 112 (10.1) | 13 (14.4) | 77 (85.6) | 20 (18.5) | 88 (81.5) |
| No answer | 2 (0.2) | 0 | 2 (100.0) | 0 | 1 (100.0) |
| Attended indoor gatherings with nonhousehold members in past 2 wk | |||||
| No | 1046 (94.5) | 109 (12.6)c | 753 (87.4) | 192 (19.2) | 807 (80.8) |
| Yes | 59 (5.3) | 9 (19.1) | 38 (80.9) | 9 (15.5) | 49 (84.5) |
| No answer | 2 (0.2) | 0 | 2 (100.0) | 0 | 1 (100.0) |
| Face covering use while <6 ft away from others all of the time | |||||
| No | 85 (7.7) | 4 (5.4)b | 70 (94.6) | 13 (16.0) | 68 (84.0) |
| Yes | 1022 (92.3) | 114 (12.6) | 723 (86.4) | 188 (19.2) | 789 (80.8) |
| Hand washing when returning home or after touching something all or most of the time | |||||
| No | 33 (3.0) | 3 (11.1) | 24 (88.9) | 5 (16.1) | 26 (83.9) |
| Yes | 1074 (97.0) | 115 (13.0) | 769 (87.0) | 196 (19.1) | 831 (80.9) |
| Possible exposure to someone with COVID-19 at home in the past 2 wkd | |||||
| No | 986 (89.1) | 79 (9.8)b | 725 (90.2) | 178 (18.8) | 767 (81.2) |
| Yes | 121 (10.9) | 39 (36.4) | 68 (63.6) | 23 (20.4) | 90 (79.6) |
| Possible exposure to someone with COVID-19 at home since the start of the pandemice | |||||
| No | 909 (82.1) | 68 (9.2)b | 675 (90.9) | 152 (17.4)b | 723 (82.6) |
| Yes | 198 (17.9) | 50 (29.8) | 118 (70.2) | 49 (26.8) | 134 (73.2) |
Abbreviations: IgG, immunoglobulin G; TMA, transcription-mediated amplification.
a
Missing entries were excluded from bivariate analyses.
b
P < .05.
c
P < .20.
d
Lived with someone who had COVID-19 symptoms or positive in the past 2 weeks.
e
Lived with someone who had COVID-19 symptoms or positive since the start of the pandemic.