Table 3. Work-Related Risk Factors for TMA and IgG Positivity Among Farmworkers, Monterey County, 2020.
| Attribute | Individuals, No. (%)a | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All enrolled (N = 1107) | SARS-CoV-2 infection | ||||
| TMA positive (n = 911) | IgG positive (n = 1058) | ||||
| Yes (n = 118) | No (n = 793) | Yes (n = 201) | No (n = 857) | ||
| H2A visa holder | |||||
| No | 1029 (93.0) | 107 (12.7) | 733 (87.3) | 188 (19.2) | 792 (80.8) |
| Yes | 65 (5.9) | 9 (15.0) | 51 (85.0) | 11 (16.9) | 54 (83.1) |
| No answer | 13 (1.2) | 2 (18.2) | 9 (81.8) | 2 (15.4) | 11 (84.6) |
| Supervisor or mayordomo | |||||
| No | 1015 (91.7) | 111 (12.8) | 756 (87.2) | 183 (18.9) | 784 (81.1) |
| Yes | 50 (4.5) | 7 (15.9) | 37 (84.1) | 9 (18.4) | 40 (81.6) |
| No answer | 42 (3.8) | 0 | 0 | 9 (21.4) | 33 (78.6) |
| Type of agricultural work ever or in the past 2 wkb | |||||
| Worked in the fields | 825 (74.5) | 100 (14.7)c | 580 (85.3) | 162 (20.4)c | 633 (79.6) |
| Packing shed | 133 (12.0) | 11 (10.5) | 94 (89.5) | 21 (16.4) | 107 (83.6) |
| Processing facility | 63 (5.7) | 4 (7.0)d | 53 (93.0) | 7 (12.1)d | 51 (87.9) |
| Nursery | 38 (3.4) | 4 (12.1) | 29 (87.9) | 4 (11.4) | 31 (88.6) |
| Truck driver | 38 (3.4) | 4 (12.1) | 29 (87.9) | 3 (9.1)d | 30 (90.9) |
| Packing truck | 22 (2.0) | 1 (4.8) | 20 (95.2) | 2 (9.5) | 19 (90.5) |
| Other | 21 (1.9) | 1 (5.3) | 18 (94.7) | 2 (10.5) | 17 (89.5) |
| No answer | 10 (0.9) | 0 | 1 (100.0) | 2 (20.0) | 8 (80.0) |
| Worked indoors | |||||
| No | 844 (76.2) | 98 (14.3)c | 589 (85.7) | 166 (20.4)c | 646 (79.6) |
| Yes | 262 (23.7) | 20 (9.0) | 203 (91.0) | 35 (14.3) | 210 (85.7) |
| No answer | 1 (0.1) | 0 | 1 (100.0) | 0 | 1 (100.0) |
| Crops worked ever or in the past 2 wkb | |||||
| Berries | 236 (28.6) | 14 (7.2)c | 181 (92.8) | 39 (16.7)d | 194 (83.3) |
| Leafy greens | 218 (26.4) | 31 (17.9)d | 142 (82.1) | 50 (24.2)d | 157 (75.8) |
| Broccoli | 155 (18.8) | 28 (18.9)d | 120 (81.1) | 24 (16.3)d | 123 (83.7) |
| Grapes | 59 (7.2) | 10 (21.3)d | 37 (78.7) | 15 (26.3) | 42 (73.7) |
| Peas | 52 (6.3) | 16 (30.8)c | 36 (69.2) | 5 (10.0)e | 45 (90.0) |
| Cauliflower | 42 (5.1) | 5 (13.5) | 32 (86.5) | 11 (30.6)d | 25 (69.4) |
| Celery | 19 (2.3) | 2 (11.8) | 15 (88.2) | 3 (18.8) | 13 (81.3) |
| Artichokes | 6 (0.7) | 0 | 5 (100.0) | 1 (16.7) | 5 (83.3) |
| Other | 158 (19.2) | 9 (8.4)c | 98 (91.6) | 35 (22.6) | 120 (77.4) |
| Commuted to work with nonhousehold members | |||||
| No | 707 (63.9) | 65 (10.9)c | 530 (89.1) | 124 (18.5) | 548 (81.5) |
| Yes | 380 (34.3) | 53 (16.8) | 263 (83.2) | 72 (19.7) | 294 (80.3) |
| No answer | 20 (1.8) | 0 | 0 | 5 (25.0) | 15 (75.0) |
| Used face covering at work all the time | |||||
| No | 112 (10.1) | 11 (11.7) | 83 (88.3) | 19 (18.1) | 86 (81.9) |
| Yes | 992 (89.6) | 107 (13.1) | 709 (86.9) | 182 (19.2) | 768 (80.8) |
| No answer | 3 (0.3) | 0 | 1 (100.0) | 0 | 3 (100.0) |
| Came within 6 ft from others while working | |||||
| No | 501 (45.3) | 52 (12.6) | 361 (87.4) | 95 (19.7) | 388 (80.3) |
| Yes | 568 (51.3) | 64 (13.4) | 413 (86.6) | 97 (18.0) | 441 (82.0) |
| No answer | 38 (3.4) | 2 (9.5) | 19 (90.5) | 9 (24.3) | 28 (75.7) |
| Possible exposure to someone with COVID-19 at work in past 2 wkf | |||||
| No | 958 (86.5) | 83 (10.9)c | 680 (89.1) | 178 (19.3) | 744 (80.7) |
| Yes | 149 (13.5) | 35 (23.6) | 113 (76.4) | 23 (16.9) | 113 (83.1) |
| No answer | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Possible exposure to someone with COVID-19 at work since the start of the pandemicg | |||||
| No | 665 (60.1) | 52 (9.9)c | 471 (90.1) | 117 (18.3) | 524 (81.7) |
| Yes | 442 (39.9) | 66 (17.0) | 322 (83.0) | 84 (20.1) | 333 (79.9) |
| No answer | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Abbreviations: IgG, immunoglobulin G; TMA, transcription-mediated amplification.
a
Missing entries were excluded from bivariate analyses.
b
Bivariate analyses compared each agricultural job with all other jobs and working in each crop with working in all other crops. Some participants worked in a variety of jobs and crops.
c
P < .05.
d
P < .20.
e
P < .10.
f
Worked with someone who had COVID-19 symptoms, tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, or who quarantined in the past 2 weeks.
g
Worked with someone who had COVID-19 symptoms, tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, or who quarantined since the start of the pandemic.