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. 2021 Sep 15;4(9):e2124324. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.24324

Table 3. Association Between Duration of Prenatal Analgesic Opioid Exposure and ADHD Diagnosis and ADHD Symptoms in Children Aged 5 Years.

Length of exposure No. Events, No. IR per 1000 person-years Crude HR (95% CI) Weighted HR (95% CI)
ADHD diagnosis sample
Exposed in ≤4 weeks 1084 48 4.0 1 [Reference] 1 [Reference]
Exposed ≥5 weeks 642 43 6.2 1.60 (1.06 to 2.41) 1.60 (1.04 to 2.47)
ADHD symptoms sample
Length of exposure No. Mean SD Crude β (95% CI) Weighted β (95% CI)
Exposed in ≤4 weeks 423 1.41 0.40 [Reference] [Reference]
Exposed ≥5 weeks 244 1.40 0.40 −0.01 (−0.18 to 0.15) −0.05 (−0.25 to 0.15)

Abbreviations: ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; HR, hazard ratio; IR, incidence rate.