Table 1. Characteristics of Study Population by COVID-19–Related Fertility Intention Changes.
| Characteristic | Total, No. (%) (n = 1179) | Thinking about becoming pregnant before COVID-19, No. (%) (n = 191) | P value | Actively trying to become pregnant before COVID-19, No. (%) (n = 61) | P value | Not thinking about becoming pregnant before COVID-19, No. (%) (n = 927) | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Still thinking (n = 120 [63%]) | No longer thinking (n = 71 [37%]) | Still trying (n = 31 [51%]) | No longer trying (n = 30 [49%]) | Still not thinking (n = 885 [95%]) | Thinking (n = 42 [5%]) | |||||
| Demographics | ||||||||||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 32.2 (5.6) | 33.1 (4.0) | 31.2 (5.0) | .01 | 33.0 (4.5) | 31.0 (6.5) | .17 | 32.3 (5.8) | 31.0 (5.4) | .15 |
| Race and ethnicity | ||||||||||
| Hispanic | 622 (52.9) | 25 (21.0) | 24 (33.8) | .14 | 10 (32.3) | 19 (63.3) | .04 | 530 (59.9) | 14 (33.3) | .003 |
| Non-Hispanic | ||||||||||
| White | 372 (31.6) | 71 (59.7) | 37 (52.1) | 12 (38.7) | 8 (26.7) | 226 (25.5) | 18 (42.9) | |||
| Black, Asian, and other | 183 (15.6) | 23 (19.3) | 10 (14.1) | 9 (29.0) | 3 (10.0) | 128 (14.5) | 10 (23.8) | |||
| Insurance status | ||||||||||
| Public | 623 (53.3) | 21 (17.5) | 22 (31.4) | .03 | 12 (38.7) | 16 (55.2) | .20 | 533 (60.7) | 19 (45.2) | .05 |
| Private | 547 (46.8) | 99 (82.5) | 48 (68.6) | 19 (61.3) | 13 (44.8) | 345 (39.3) | 23 (54.8) | |||
| Annual household income, $ | ||||||||||
| <100 000 | 415 (35.2) | 21 (17.5) | 25 (35.2) | .002 | 10 (32.3) | 13 (43.3) | .19 | 335 (37.9) | 11 (26.2) | .01 |
| ≥100 000 | 427 (36.2) | 90 (75.0) | 37 (52.1) | 15 (48.4) | 9 (30.0) | 254 (28.7) | 22 (52.4) | |||
| Do not know | 337 (28.6) | 9 (7.5) | 9 (12.7) | 6 (19.4) | 8 (26.7) | 296 (33.4) | 9 (21.4) | |||
| Educational level | ||||||||||
| <Bachelor's degree | 570 (49.4) | 12 (10.3) | 25 (35.2) | <.001 | 9 (29.0) | 13 (43.3) | .03 | 490 (56.7) | 17 (41.5) | .05 |
| ≥Bachelor's degree | 584 (50.6) | 105 (89.7) | 46 (64.8) | 22 (71.0) | 17 (56.7) | 374 (43.3) | 24 (58.5) | |||
| Children (≤18 y) living in home, mean (SD) | 1.9 (1.0) | 1.2 (0.8) | 1.5 (0.8) | .04 | 1.4 (0.6) | 1.8 (0.9) | .05 | 2.1 (1.1) | 1.6 (0.8) | <.001 |
| COVID-19 related | ||||||||||
| Diagnosis (self) | 221 (18.7) | 21 (17.5) | 17 (23.9) | .28 | 4 (12.9) | 6 (20.0) | .45 | 158 (17.9) | 15 (35.7) | .004 |
| Partner diagnosis | 146 (13.8) | 20 (17.4) | 4 (6.0) | .03 | 6 (20.0) | 4 (17.4) | .81 | 103 (13.1) | 9 (23.1) | .08 |
| Child diagnosis | 126 (10.8) | 15 (12.9) | 7 (10.1) | .57 | 4 (12.9) | 4 (13.3) | .96 | 92 (10.5) | 4 (9.5) | .84 |
| COVID-19 hospitalization in household | 11 (0.9) | 0 | 1 (1.4) | .19 | 0 | 1 (3.3) | .31 | 9 (1.0) | 0 | .51 |
| Stress related | ||||||||||
| PSS-4 score, mean (SD)a | 6.3 (2.8) | 6.0 (2.8) | 7.3 (3.1) | .01 | 6.2 (2.7) | 6.8 (3.1) | .41 | 6.3 (2.8) | 6.0 (2.7) | .62 |
| Pre–COVID-19 financial security | ||||||||||
| Comfortable with extra | 436 (37.2) | 77 (64.2) | 39 (54.9) | .13 | 14 (45.2) | 10 (34.5) | .69 | 274 (31.2) | 22 (53.7) | .01 |
| Enough but no extra | 522 (44.6) | 36 (30.0) | 22 (31.0) | 13 (41.9) | 14 (48.3) | 421 (47.9) | 16 (39.0) | |||
| Have to cut back or cannot make ends meet | 213 (18.2) | 7 (5.8) | 10 (14.1) | 4 (12.9) | 5 (17.2) | 184 (20.9) | 3 (7.3) | |||
| Current financial security | ||||||||||
| Comfortable with extra | 269 (22.9) | 63 (52.5) | 21 (29.6) | .002 | 9 (29.0) | 4 (13.8) | .36 | 158 (17.9) | 14 (34.2) | .01 |
| Enough but no extra | 312 (26.6) | 29 (24.2) | 13 (18.3) | 8 (25.8) | 9 (31.0) | 239 (27.1) | 14 (34.2) | |||
| Have to cut back or cannot make ends meet | 592 (50.5) | 28 (23.3) | 37 (52.1) | 14 (45.2) | 16 (55.2) | 484 (54.9) | 13 (31.7) | |||
| Job loss (self or other adult in home) | 764 (64.8) | 51 (42.5) | 41 (57.7) | .04 | 19 (61.3) | 19 (63.3) | .87 | 610 (68.9) | 24 (57.1) | .11 |
| Essential worker in household | 289 (24.5) | 33 (27.5) | 23 (32.4) | .47 | 7 (22.6) | 9 (30.0) | .51 | 208 (23.5) | 9 (21.4) | .76 |
| Took questionnaire before June 1, 2020 | 926 (78.5) | 85 (70.8) | 60 (84.5) | .03 | 24 (77.4) | 23 (76.7) | .94 | 707 (79.9) | 27 (64.3) | .02 |
Abbreviation: PSS, Perceived Stress Scale.
a
PSS-4 scored from 0 to 16, with higher scores denoting greater stress.