Table 4.
Innovation‐specific outcomes measured/reported in studies by IDEAL stage (n = 46)*
| IDEAL stage | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 (n = 11) | 2a (n = 16) | 2b (n = 9) | 3 (n = 1) | Multistage (n = 9) | |
| Outcomes relating to the success or failure of performing the procedure/ using the device | 8 | 12 | 5 | 1 | 7 |
| Outcomes relating to modifications | 5 | 11 | 3 | 0 | 5 |
| Outcomes relating to unanticipated event (advantages/disadvantages) | 1 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Outcomes relating to surgeon/operator experience | 5 | 8 | 3 | 0 | 7 |
| Outcomes relating to patient experience | 1 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Outcomes relating to resource use | 9 | 9 | 6 | 0 | 7 |
The analysis includes 46 studies where the authors stated an IDEAL stage.