| Radiography (Medical) |
60–120 |
CsI:Tl |
60 000 [55] |
1000 (0.5% at 3 ms) [55] |
550 |
• Spatial resolution |
| • Linear response with dose |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Radiography (Industrial screening (food)) |
10–120 |
GOS:Tb |
60 000 [56] |
600 000 (<0.1% at 3 ms) [57] |
545 |
• Scalable to large dimensions to image large objects |
| • Emission wavelength suitable to silicon imagers |
| • Low cost |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Computed tomography (Medical) |
80–140 |
CdWO4
|
20 000 [58] |
2000 (0.05% at 3 ms) [59] |
495 |
• Temperature coefficient < 0.1% °C−1 from beam induced heating |
| • Afterglow < 0.1% at 3 ms |
| • Decay times below 10 μs to excced sampling rates |
| • Light yields > 20 000 photons MeV−1 for good signal to noise |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Mammography (Medical) |
20–40 |
a-Se (direct detection) |
n/a |
n/a |
n/a |
• Spatial resolution ∼100 s μm (to detect low contrast tumours and microcalcifications) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Positron emission tomography (Medical) |
511 |
LSO:Ce |
40 000 [60] |
40 [60] |
420 |
• Spatial resolution to accurately |
| • Determine line of response |
| • Energy resolution to reject scattered events |
| • Short emission decay times to reduce coincidence gate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| TOF-positron emission tomography (Medical) |
511 |
LaBr3:Ce |
61 000 [61] |
35 [61] |
358 |
• Timing resolution of 10 ps |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Astronomy |
3–79 (NuSTAR) |
CdZnTe (direct detection) |
n/a |
n/a |
n/a |
• Energy resolution of ∼1.5% at 60 keV |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Calorimetry (High-energy physics) |
Photons and electrons |
Many: PbWO4 (LHC calorimetry) |
140 [62] |
Several components: <10 ns, 20–200 ns, >500 ns [62] |
475 |
• Energy resolution |
| • Large area fabrication 2 × 2 × 20 cm |
| • Sensitive to high energy photons |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Gamma spectroscopy (Nuclear security) |
10–10 000 |
NaI:Tl |
43 000 [63] |
230 [64] |
415 |
• Energy resolution to resolve isotopes <7% 662 keV |
| • Low cost for large areas |
