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. 2021 Sep 15;18:202. doi: 10.1186/s12974-021-02261-5

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — The association of TNF-α and MDA levels with psychotic symptoms categorized by sex. A partial correlation analysis was applied. The green dotted curve presents 95% confidence interval. A The association between TNF-α levels and positive symptoms in female patients with schizophrenia (N = 43). TNF-α levels were associated with PANSS positive score in female patients (r = − 0.49, p = 0.002, p_Bonferroni= 0.008). B The association between TNF-α levels and positive symptoms in male patients with schizophrenia (N = 76). TNF-α levels were associated with PANSS negative score in male patients (r = 0.31, p = 0.01, p_Bonferroni= 0.04). C The association between MDA levels and general psychopathology symptom in male patients with schizophrenia (N = 76). MDA levels were associated with PANSS general psychopathology scores in male patients (r = − 0.32, p = 0.007, p_Bonferroni= 0.03)