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. 2021 Sep 16;18:206. doi: 10.1186/s12974-021-02263-3

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 5 — The 1,25(OH)₂D₃ and retinal neurotrophic factors. The 1,25(OH)₂D₃ increased retinal expression of neuroprotective factors in DBA/2J mice: BDNF (A), VEGF-A (B), and PlGF (C) mRNA expression. Retinal samples of 1,25(OH)₂D₃-treated and control mice were collected at the end of treatment. Values represent the mRNA fold changes relative to 18S, a housekeeping gene. Each bar represents the mean value ± SD (n = 6 for each experimental group, two pooled retinas per independent sample, each run in triplicate). The 1,25(OH)₂D₃ vs. control p = 0.0006 for BDNF, p = 0.0069 for VEGF-A, p = 0.0088 for PlGF (unpaired and two-tailed t-test)