Table 2.
Depression and anxiety levels according to respondent's socio-demographic and economic profile (n = 1554).
| Variable | Depression |
Anxiety |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| None | Mild | Moderate | Moderately-severe | Severe | Normal | Mild to moderate | Severe | Extreme | |
| Gender | |||||||||
| Male | 80(19.9) | 97(24.1) | 88(21.9) | 87(21.6) | 50(12.4) | 293(72.9) | 76(18.9) | 30(7.5) | 3(0.7) |
| Female |
112(9.7) |
193(16.8) |
242(21) |
265(23) |
340(29.5) |
583(50.6) |
454(39.4) |
104(9.0) |
11(1.0) |
| Residency | |||||||||
| Urban (town/city) | 168(12.7) | 234(17.8) | 289(21.9) | – | – | 746(56.6) | 444(33.7) | 117(8.9) | – |
| Rural (countryside) |
24(10.2) |
56(23.7) |
41(17.4) |
– |
– |
130(55.1) |
86(36.4) |
17(7.2) |
– |
| Race | |||||||||
| Malay | 64(7.2) | 144(16.2) | 182(20.5) | 227(25.6) | 270(30.4) | 435(49) | 350(39.5) | 93(10.5) | 9(1) |
| Chinese | 31(16.7) | 48(25.8) | 55(29.6) | 38(20.4) | 14(7.5) | 128(68.8) | 48(25.8) | 8(4.3) | 2(1.1) |
| Indian | 85(22.1) | 78(20.3) | 77(20.1) | 66(17.2) | 78(20.3) | 261(68) | 95(24.7) | 25(6.5) | 3(0.8) |
| Others |
12(12.4) |
20(20.6) |
16(16.5) |
21(21.6) |
28(28.9) |
52(53.6) |
37(38.1) |
8(8.2) |
0(0) |
| Marital status | |||||||||
| Married | 43(24.3) | 58(32.8) | 35(19.8) | 18(10.2) | 23(13) | 122(68.9) | 38(21.5) | 17(9.6) | 0(0) |
| Single | 142(10.7) | 224(16.9) | 290(21.8) | 320(24.1) | 352(26.5) | 732(55.1) | 471(35.5) | 111(8.4) | 14(1.1) |
| Divorced | 3(25) | 4(33.3) | 2(16.7) | 2(16.7) | 1(8.3) | 8(66.7) | 4(33.3) | 0(0) | 0(0) |
| Widowed |
4(10.8) |
4(10.8) |
3(8.1) |
12(32.4) |
14(37.8) |
14(37.8) |
17(45.9) |
6(16.2) |
0(0) |
| Occupational status | |||||||||
| Full-time | 71(15.8) | 117(26) | 92(20.4) | 81(18) | 89(19.8) | 269(59.8) | 151(33.6) | 28(6.2) | 2(0.4) |
| Part-time | 7(12.1) | 10(17.2) | 16(27.6) | 11(19) | 14(24.1) | 33(56.9) | 18(31) | 7(12.1) | 0(0) |
| Unemployed/Homemaker | 11(9) | 20(16.4) | 20(16.4) | 29(23.8) | 42(34.4) | 66(54.1) | 41(33.6) | 14(11.5) | 1(0.8) |
| Student |
103(11.1) |
143(15.5) |
202(21.9) |
231(25) |
245(26.5) |
508(55) |
320(34.6) |
85(9.2) |
11(1.2) |
| Family income | |||||||||
| Less than RM 4,849 | 77(9.3) | 141(17.1) | 179(21.7) | 191(23.2) | 237(28.7) | 437(53) | 297(36) | 81(9.8) | 10(1.2) |
| Between RM 4,849 - RM 10,959 | 68(13.3) | 115(22.5) | 97(18.9) | 121(23.6) | 111(21.7) | 303(59.2) | 170(33.2) | 36(7) | 3(0.6) |
| More than RM 10,960 |
47(21.7) |
34(15.7) |
54(24.9) |
40(18.4) |
42(19.4) |
136(62.7) |
63(29) |
17(7.8) |
1(0.5) |
| Educational Status | |||||||||
| No formal education | 0(0) | 2(25) | 0(0) | 2(25) | 4(50) | 1(12.5) | 6(75) | 1(12.5) | 0(0) |
| Primary | 0(0) | 1(10) | 1(10) | 4(40) | 4(40) | 2(20) | 4(40) | 4(40) | 0(0) |
| Secondary | 15(8.5) | 30(17) | 31(17.6) | 50(28.4) | 50(28.4) | 89(50.6) | 68(38.6) | 18(10.2) | 1(0.6) |
| Post-secondary education | 47(106.) | 75(16.9) | 94(21.1) | 91(20.4) | 138(31) | 232(52.1) | 163(36.6) | 45(10.1) | 5(1.1) |
| Higher education | 130(14.2) | 182(19.9) | 204(22.3) | 205(22.4) | 194(22.4) | 552(60.3) | 289(31.6) | 66(7.2) | 8(0.9) |