Table 4.

Patient centric services.

Patient services	Examples	Descriptions from key informants
Emphasis on infection prevention providing safer environment for staff and patients	• Smaller medical camps • Infrastructure updates such as better ventilation, distant seating arrangement and frequent sanitization. • Installation of infection prevention shields in consultation rooms • Rotation of staff schedule • Limit counselling and handover brochures instead	“Instead of larger medical camps with 60 to 70 patients at a time, smaller medical camps with 5 to 10 patients at a time were organized.” (Mercy Corps, Pakistan)
Relaxation of DOT guidelines	• Prescription of drugs for a longer duration at one time • Skipped sputum microscopy and conducted Gene Xpert for rapid results	“Everyone was more comfortable with giving 1–2 months of medicine refills to patients, instead of daily DOTS” (WHP, India).
Combined screening for TB and COVID	• Integration of COVID -19 screening along with TB screening systems. e.g. TBSTARR app by SHOPS Plus • Bi-directional screening for TB and COVID-19 in India, Bangladesh, and Indonesia • Mobile X-ray vans to screen for TB and COVID-19 e.g. Indus Hospital and Health Network and IRD Pakistan	“We pivoted our electronic data systems [in Pakistan] very quickly to capture Covid-19 screening data in addition to TB screening” (IRD Global).
TB care at doorstep	• Delivery of medications to client’s residence • Sputum collection at client’s residence	“As soon as the lockdown was declared, we had to ensure that the patients were adequately stocked with treatments.” (CHAI, India)