Table 1.
Patients’ characteristics
| All admissions (n = 281) | Confirmed COVID-19 admissions (n = 203) | Rejected COVID-19 admissions (n = 78) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age (years); (median, IQR) | 65 (26) | 62 (26) | 71 (29) |
| Gender (male); (n, %) | 163 (58) | 118 (58) | 45 (58) |
| BMI (kg/m2); (median, IQR) | 27 (7) | 27 (7) | 26 (7) |
| COVID-19 diagnosis (n (%)) | |||
| PCR | 194 (69) | 194 (69) | NA |
| Clinical diagnosis | 9 (3) | 9 (4) | NA |
| Rejected diagnosis | 78 (28) | 0 (0) | 78 (100) |
| Length of stay (median, IQR) | 8 (9) | 8 (9) | 5 (10) |
| Symptoms at admission (n, %) | |||
| Fatigue | 195 (69) | 142 (70) | 53 (68) |
| Cough | 160 (57) | 128 (63) | 32 (41) |
| Fever or history of fever | 166 (59) | 124 (61) | 42 (54) |
| Dyspnoea | 160 (57) | 115 (57) | 45 (58) |
| Muscle aches | 117 (42) | 98 (48) | 19 (24) |
| Gastrointestinal symptoms | 126 (45) | 96 (47) | 30 (38) |
| Headache | 114 (41) | 91 (45) | 23 (29) |
| Anosmia | 87 (31) | 76 (37) | 11 (14) |
| Thoracic pain | 87 (31) | 69 (34) | 18 (23) |
| Laboratory findings (median, IQR; except for lymphopenia) | |||
| White blood cell count (/mm3) | 6700 (5600) | 5600 (4200) | 9800 (7400) |
| Neutrophil count (/mm3) | 4442 (5220) | 3829 (3526) | 7636 (6703) |
| Lymphocyte count (/mm3) | 1070 (848) | 1051 (709) | 1122 (1338) |
| Neutrophil/lymphocyte count rate | 4.20 (5.43) | 3.73 (4.22) | 6.2 (10.8) |
| Lymphopenia (< 1000/mm3); (n, %) | 124 (44) | 90 (45) | 34 (44) |
| Ferritin (mcg/L) | 432 (618) | 480 (592) | 265 (456) |
| CRP (mg/dL) | 51 (93) | 47 (74) | 148 (159) |
| Ferritin (mcg/L) | 432 (618) | 480 (592) | 265 (456) |
| D-dimers (ng/mL) | 645 (1096) | 593 (974) | 1149 (2052) |
| Comorbidities | |||
| CCI (median, IQR) | 1 (3) | 1 (2) | 2 (2) |
| Diabetes mellitus (n, %) | 88 (31) | 67 (33) | 21 (27) |
| Pre-existing pulmonary disease (n, %) | 49 (17) | 37 (18) | 12 (15) |
| Moderate to severe renal diseasea(n, %) | 45 (16) | 29 (14) | 16 (8) |
| Ischaemic/congestive heart disease (n, %) | 35 (12) | 25 (12) | 10 (13) |
| Cerebrovascular disease (n, %) | 14 (5) | 12 (6) | 2 (3) |
| Dementia (n, %) | 16 (6) | 8 (4) | 8 (10) |
| Solid tumourb (n, %) | 27 (10) | 11 (5) | 16 (21) |
| Haematological neoplasia | 4 (1) | 2 (1) | 2 (3) |
| Prognostic factors | |||
| qSOFA score at admission (n, %) | |||
| 0 | 153 (55) | 105 (52) | 48 (62) |
| 1 | 112 (40) | 89 (44) | 23 (29) |
| 2 | 14 (5) | 8 (4) | 6 (8) |
| 3 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| ICU admission (n, %) | 41 (15) | 34 (17) | 7 (9) |
| Mechanical ventilation need (n, %) | 14 (5) | 14 (7) | 0 (0) |
| (SpO2/FiO2 × 100) at admission (median, IQR) | 428 (140) | 418 (139) | 442 (141) |
| (SpO2/FiO2 × 100) minc (median, IQR) | 313 (207) | 310 (201) | 365 (174) |
| Mortality (n, %) | 23 (8) | 20 (10) | 3 (4) |
IQR interquartile range, BMI body mass index, PCR polymerase chain reaction, NA not applicable, CRP C-reactive protein, CCI Charlson comorbidity index
aSerum creatinine > 3 mg/dL or kidney transplant or uraemia [25]
bActive solid neoplastic disease or solid neoplastic disease during the last 5 years
cSpO2/FiO2 × 100 min = the lowest value of the SpO2/FiO2 rate during the total stay on a COVID-19 ward or in the ICU