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. 2021 Sep 16;18:207. doi: 10.1186/s12974-021-02250-8

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — NAD⁺ treatment mitigated CCH-induced learning and memory impairment. A The escape latency of rats in the training trials of hidden platform task. B The number of crossing the platform in the probe trial. C Relative time spent in the target quadrant in the probe trial. D Swimming speed in the probe trial. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 10). E The representative search traces of rats in hidden platform test. F The representative search traces of rats in probe text. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01 CCH vs. sham; ^#P < 0.05; NAD⁺ vs. CCH