Table 1.
Clinical features of 22 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients with ischaemic enterocolitis
| Features | Values | Normal ranges |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical characteristics | ||
| Age (years), mean (range) | 57 (32–78) | – |
| Sex, n (%) | ||
| Male | 14 (64) | – |
| Female | 8 (36) | – |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), mean (range) | 33 (21–61) | – |
| Pre‐existing medical conditions, n (%) | ||
| Hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and/or obesity | 17 (77) | – |
| Thrombosis | 4 (18) | – |
| History of malignancy | 4 (18) | – |
| Coronary artery disease | 3 (14) | – |
| Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura | 1 (5) | – |
| No pre‐existing medical condition | 2 (9) | – |
| Preoperative clinical parameters | ||
| Time since positive COVID‐19 test (days), mean (range) | 20 (6–89) | – |
| Intubation prior to abdominal surgery, n (%) | 20 (91) | – |
| Duration of intubation (days), mean (range) (n = 19) | 12 (0–25) | – |
| Preceding clinical course | ||
| Worsening | 14 (64) | – |
| Stable | 4 (18) | – |
| Improving | 4 (18) | – |
| COVID‐19 treatments, n (%) | ||
| Antibiotics | 20 (91) | – |
| Remdesivir | 11 (50) | – |
| Dexamethasone | 8 (36) | – |
| Tocilizumab | 3 (14) | – |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 2 (9) | – |
| Convalescent plasma | 1 (5) | – |
| Anticoagulation, n (%) | ||
| Prophylactic | 14 (64) | – |
| Therapeutic | 4 (18) | – |
| None | 4 (18) | – |
| Radiological modalities, n (%) | ||
| Abdominal computed tomography | 13 (59) | – |
| Abdominal X‐ray | 10 (46) | – |
| Right upper quadrant ultrasound | 4 (18) | – |
| Radiological findings, n (%) | ||
| Intestinal pneumatosis | 14 (64) | – |
| Dilated/distended bowel | 13 (59) | – |
| Ischaemic changes | 12 (55) | – |
| Portal venous gas | 8 (36) | – |
| Abdominal free air | 3 (14) | |
| Preoperative laboratory values, mean (range) | ||
| White blood cells (109/l) | 18.3 (5.5–38.5) | 4.5–11.0 |
| Platelets (109/l) | 280 (21–568) | 150–400 |
| Activated partial thromboplastin time (s) | 40.1 (27.5–85.3) | 22–36 (70–100 with heparin) |
| Prothrombin time (s) | 16.0 (13.4–22.6) | 11.5–14.5 |
| D‐dimer (ng/ml) (n = 21) | 5394 (973–22 022) | <500 |
| Fibrinogen (mg/dl) (n = 20) | 571 (221–1096) | 150–400 |
| Patient outcome, n (%) | ||
| Discharged in stable condition | 11 (50) | – |
| Died during hospitalisation | 9 (41) | – |
| Remains hospitalised postoperatively | 2 (9) | – |