. 2021 Aug 13;52(4):1958–1996. doi: 10.1111/grow.12540

TABLE A1.

Year‐over‐year changes by MSA status and size for ages 25–61

	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)
	Non‐metro	MSA Pop. 100−250 K	MSA Pop. 250−500 K	MSA Pop. 500 K−1 M	MSA Pop. 1–2.5 M	MSA Pop. 2.5−5 M	MSA Pop. 5 M+
A. Unemployment rate
Jan. 2020–Jan. 2019	0.034	−0.817	0.311	−0.668	−0.492	−0.422	−0.072
Feb. 2020–Feb. 2019	0.537	−0.261	−0.560	−0.251	−0.508	−0.642	0.183
Mar. 2020–Mar. 2019	−0.074	0.051	−0.607	0.296	0.638	0.396	1.259^**
Apr. 2020–Apr. 2019	8.597^**	7.814^**	9.471^**	9.161^**	10.306^**	10.188^**	11.123^**
May 2020–May 2019	6.417^**	6.142^**	7.845^**	7.422^**	8.568^**	9.342^**	10.382^**
June 2020–June 2019	3.685^**	4.937^**	6.920^**	4.894^**	6.115^**	8.058^**	8.886^**
July 2020–July 2019	2.830^**	3.135^**	5.804^**	4.983^**	5.767^**	6.283^**	8.546^**
Aug. 2020–Aug. 2019	1.923^**	1.462^*	3.875^**	3.825^**	5.268^**	4.497^**	6.037^**
Sep. 2020–Sep. 2019	2.285^**	1.724^**	4.084^**	3.025^**	4.122^**	4.598^**	5.723^**
Oct. 2020–Oct. 2019	0.999^*	2.289^**	3.132^**	2.777^**	3.513^**	2.965^**	4.618^**
B. Labor force participation rate
Jan. 2020–Jan. 2019	0.751	−1.293	−0.762	0.378	0.392	0.699	0.846
Feb. 2020–Feb. 2019	0.808	−0.209	−0.092	0.867	−0.279	−0.143	0.747
Mar. 2020–Mar. 2019	0.035	−0.546	0.157	0.280	0.933	−0.614	0.014
Apr. 2020–Apr. 2019	−1.388	−1.882	−0.262	−0.533	−1.866^**	−3.336^**	−3.563^**
May 2020–May 2019	−0.032	0.355	−1.432	0.439	−1.258	−3.223^**	−2.822^**
June 2020–June 2019	0.476	0.170	−0.611	1.003	−0.816	−1.716^*	−1.288^*
July 2020–July 2019	0.775	1.652	−0.790	−0.667	−2.029^**	−1.331	−0.166
Aug. 2020–Aug. 2019	0.370	−0.498	−1.136	−1.411	−1.696^*	−1.220	−0.985
Sep. 2020–Sep. 2019	−0.946	−0.406	−2.468^*	−1.146	−2.393^**	−1.901^**	−1.703^**
Oct. 2020–Oct. 2019	−1.408	−1.598	−2.059^*	−0.705	−1.746^**	−1.208	−1.389^*
C. Employment‐to‐population ratio
Jan. 2020–Jan. 2019	0.694	−0.604	−0.977	0.897	0.780	1.027	0.878
Feb. 2020–Feb. 2019	0.363	0.003	0.358	1.038	0.146	0.388	0.574
Mar. 2020–Mar. 2019	0.089	−0.566	0.633	0.034	0.382	−0.918	−1.015
Apr. 2020–Apr. 2019	−7.784^**	−7.836^**	−7.684^**	−7.705^**	−9.985^**	−11.307^**	−12.085^**
May 2020–May 2019	−4.931^**	−4.473^**	−7.510^**	−5.461^**	−8.054^**	−10.536^**	−10.857^**
June 2020–June 2019	−2.354^**	−3.698^**	−6.026^**	−2.923^**	−5.684^**	−8.157^**	−8.320^**
July 2020–July 2019	−1.428	−0.901	−5.297^**	−4.536^**	−6.573^**	−6.356^**	−6.993^**
Aug. 2020–Aug. 2019	−1.109	−1.624	−4.140^**	−4.342^**	−5.863^**	−4.823^**	−5.803^**
Sep. 2020–Sep. 2019	−2.647^**	−1.741	−5.542^**	−3.495^**	−5.608^**	−5.570^**	−6.250^**
Oct. 2020–Oct. 2019	−2.116^**	−3.308^**	−4.458^**	−2.860^**	−4.524^**	−3.608^**	−5.073^**
D. Has job not at work rate
Jan. 2020–Jan. 2019	−0.437	0.021	−0.425	−0.270	0.026	−0.347	−0.359
Feb. 2020–Feb. 2019	0.047	0.243	−0.134	−0.061	0.079	−0.210	−0.448^*
Mar. 2020–Mar. 2019	0.293	0.293	0.283	0.514	1.039^**	0.772^*	0.529^*
Apr. 2020–Apr. 2019	2.524^**	3.671^**	4.232^**	3.276^**	2.682^**	2.055^**	5.257^**
May 2020–May 2019	1.729^**	2.014^**	1.377^**	1.904^**	1.784^**	1.434^**	2.362^**
June 2020–June 2019	−0.076	0.458	0.956	0.102	0.472	0.415	0.591^*
July 2020–July 2019	0.508	1.427^*	1.313^*	−0.305	−0.138	−0.078	0.076
Aug. 2020–Aug. 2019	1.232^**	0.500	0.429	−0.400	0.520	0.028	0.463
Sep. 2020–Sep. 2019	0.647^**	1.617^**	0.598	0.147	0.495^*	1.150^**	0.321
Oct. 2020–Oct. 2019	0.419	0.273	0.783^*	0.691^**	0.058	0.392	0.360
E. Employed at work rate
Jan. 2020–Jan. 2019	1.131	−0.625	−0.552	1.167	0.754	1.374	1.237^*
Feb. 2020–Feb. 2019	0.316	−0.240	0.492	1.099	0.067	0.598	1.022
Mar. 2020–Mar. 2019	−0.204	−0.860	0.351	−0.481	−0.657	−1.690^*	−1.544^*
Apr. 2020–Apr. 2019	−10.308^**	−11.506^**	−11.917^**	−10.981^**	−12.667^**	−13.362^**	−17.342^**
May 2020–May 2019	−6.659^**	−6.487^**	−8.887^**	−7.365^**	−9.838^**	−11.970^**	−13.219^**
June 2020–June 2019	−2.279^*	−4.156^**	−6.982^**	−3.025^**	−6.156^**	−8.573^**	−8.911^**
July 2020–July 2019	−1.936^*	−2.328	−6.609^**	−4.231^**	−6.435^**	−6.279^**	−7.069^**
Aug. 2020–Aug. 2019	−2.341^**	−2.123	−4.569^**	−3.942^**	−6.383^**	−4.851^**	−6.265^**
Sep. 2020–Sep. 2019	−3.294^**	−3.358^**	−6.141^**	−3.642^**	−6.103^**	−6.721^**	−6.571^**
Oct. 2020–Oct. 2019	−2.535^**	−3.581^**	−5.241^**	−3.551^**	−4.582^**	−4.000^**	−5.433^**

The full sample includes civilians aged 25–61.

Significant at 5% level

^**

Significant at 1% level.