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. 2021 Aug 4;28(11):3805–3808. doi: 10.1111/ene.15034

TABLE 1.

Clinical characteristics of Adult Tic Disorders Registry participants

Characteristic Rapid onset tic‐like behaviours, n = 9 Primary tic disorders [TS, PMTD, PVTD], n = 24 p
Age, years, mean (95% CI) 19.9 (18.8–21.0) 38.6 (30.7–46.5) 0.003
Gender, proportion Female 100% Female 25% <0.0001
Age at onset, years, mean (95% CI) 15.3 (10.7–20.0) 10.1 (9.0–11.3) 0.0009
ADHD diagnosis, proportion 22% 25% 1.00
ASRS score, mean (95% CI) 17.3 (13.9–20.6) 11.8 (9.2–14.3) 0.01
OCD diagnosis, proportion 0% 33% 0.07
OCI score, mean (95% CI) 60.5 (18.2–102.8) 30.4 (18.3–42.6) 0.02
Anxiety diagnosis, proportion 56% 25% 0.12
GAD7 score, mean (95% CI) 14.0 (8.3–19.7) 9.6 (7.3–11.9) 0.04
Depression diagnosis, proportion 44% 8% 0.03
PHQ9 score, mean (95% CI) 19.0 (14.1–23.9) 9.0 (6.3–11.6) 0.0002
Substance use disorder, proportion 11% 4% 0.47
No psychiatric comorbidity, proportion 11% 42% 0.21
GTSQOL, mean (95% CI) 90.4 (72.1–108.6) 60.1 (50.2–69.9) 0.001
PUTS, mean (95% CI) 25.8 (19.6–31.9) 23.0 (19.2–26.7) 0.21
YGTSS Motor Tic Severity Score, mean (95% CI) 16.9 (13.7–20.1) 10.7 (8.8–12.6) 0.0005
YGTSS Vocal Tic Severity Score, mean (95% CI) 14.6 (10.2–18.9) 8.1 (5.7–10.5) 0.004
YGTSS Impairment Score, mean (95% CI) 33.8 (22.0–45.5) 19.1 (14.4–23.8) 0.003
Presence of complex arm/hand motor tics, proportion 89% 13% <0.0001
Presence of complex vocal tics, proportion 89% 8% <0.0001
Presence of coprolalia, proportion 67% 4% 0.0004

Abbreviations: ADHD, attention‐deficit hyperactivity/impulsivity disorder; ASRS, Adult Self‐Report Scale; CI: confidence interval; GAD7, Generalized Anxiety Disorder–7 items; GTSQOL, Gilles de la Tourette Quality of Life Scale; OCD, obsessive–compulsive disorder; OCI, Obsessive‐Compulsive Inventory; PHQ9, Patient Health Questionnaire for depression; PUTS, Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale; PVTD, persistent vocal tic disorder; TS, Tourette syndrome; YGTSS, Yale Global Tic Severity Scale.