TABLE 1.

Clinical characteristics of Adult Tic Disorders Registry participants

Characteristic	Rapid onset tic‐like behaviours, n = 9	Primary tic disorders [TS, PMTD, PVTD], n = 24	p
Age, years, mean (95% CI)	19.9 (18.8–21.0)	38.6 (30.7–46.5)	0.003
Gender, proportion	Female 100%	Female 25%	<0.0001
Age at onset, years, mean (95% CI)	15.3 (10.7–20.0)	10.1 (9.0–11.3)	0.0009
ADHD diagnosis, proportion	22%	25%	1.00
ASRS score, mean (95% CI)	17.3 (13.9–20.6)	11.8 (9.2–14.3)	0.01
OCD diagnosis, proportion	0%	33%	0.07
OCI score, mean (95% CI)	60.5 (18.2–102.8)	30.4 (18.3–42.6)	0.02
Anxiety diagnosis, proportion	56%	25%	0.12
GAD7 score, mean (95% CI)	14.0 (8.3–19.7)	9.6 (7.3–11.9)	0.04
Depression diagnosis, proportion	44%	8%	0.03
PHQ9 score, mean (95% CI)	19.0 (14.1–23.9)	9.0 (6.3–11.6)	0.0002
Substance use disorder, proportion	11%	4%	0.47
No psychiatric comorbidity, proportion	11%	42%	0.21
GTSQOL, mean (95% CI)	90.4 (72.1–108.6)	60.1 (50.2–69.9)	0.001
PUTS, mean (95% CI)	25.8 (19.6–31.9)	23.0 (19.2–26.7)	0.21
YGTSS Motor Tic Severity Score, mean (95% CI)	16.9 (13.7–20.1)	10.7 (8.8–12.6)	0.0005
YGTSS Vocal Tic Severity Score, mean (95% CI)	14.6 (10.2–18.9)	8.1 (5.7–10.5)	0.004
YGTSS Impairment Score, mean (95% CI)	33.8 (22.0–45.5)	19.1 (14.4–23.8)	0.003
Presence of complex arm/hand motor tics, proportion	89%	13%	<0.0001
Presence of complex vocal tics, proportion	89%	8%	<0.0001
Presence of coprolalia, proportion	67%	4%	0.0004

Abbreviations: ADHD, attention‐deficit hyperactivity/impulsivity disorder; ASRS, Adult Self‐Report Scale; CI: confidence interval; GAD7, Generalized Anxiety Disorder–7 items; GTSQOL, Gilles de la Tourette Quality of Life Scale; OCD, obsessive–compulsive disorder; OCI, Obsessive‐Compulsive Inventory; PHQ9, Patient Health Questionnaire for depression; PUTS, Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale; PVTD, persistent vocal tic disorder; TS, Tourette syndrome; YGTSS, Yale Global Tic Severity Scale.