TABLE 1.
Demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of patients at admission compared to 6‐month follow‐up (n = 121)
| Admission | Follow‐up | p‐Value a | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 57 (49–65) | 57 (49–65) | |
| Ethnicity | |||
| White European | 101 (83) | 101 (83) | |
| Latin American | 15 (12) | 15 (12) | |
| African | 4 (3.3) | 4 (3.3) | |
| Far‐East Asian | 1 (0.8) | 1 (0.8) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0.001 | ||
| <25 | 20 (17) | 21 (18) | |
| 25–29.9 | 41 (33) | 43 (36) | |
| ≥30 | 60 (50) | 56 (46) | |
| Comorbidities | |||
| CCI | 0.0 (0.0–1.0) | 0.0 (0.0–1.0) | <0.001 |
| CCI (score) | |||
| 0 | 72 (60) | 90 (74) | <0.001 |
| 1 | 27 (22) | 19 (16) | |
| ≥2 | 22 (18) | 12 (10) | |
| Cardiovascular diseases | 16 (13.2) | ||
| Arterial hypertension | 45 (37) | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 17 (14) | ||
| Chronic kidney disease | 4 (3.3) | ||
| COVID‐19 severity at admission | |||
| ARDS (PaO2:FiO2) | |||
| None | 40 (33) | ||
| Mild ARDS (300–200 mm Hg) | 51 (41) | ||
| Moderate ARDS (100–200 mm Hg) | 14 (12) | ||
| Severe ARDS (<100–200 mm Hg) | 16 (13) | ||
| RALE score at admission | 7.0 (4.0–14.0) | ||
| Critical‐Ill COVID‐19 at admission | 95.1 (73.1–113.1) | ||
| Groups | |||
| 1 | 4 (3.5) | ||
| 2 | 93 (76.3) | ||
| 3 | 24 (20.2) | ||
| Laboratory parameters | |||
| WBC, 109/L | 7.2 (5.2–9.1) | 6.4 (5.5–8.0) | 0.01 |
| Neutrophils, 109/L | 5.3 (3.5–7.0) | 3.4 (2.8–4.4) | <0.0001 |
| Lymphocytes, 109/L | 1.0 (0.7–1.5) | 2.2 (1.9–2.8) | <0.0001 |
| NLR | 5.2 (2.8–8.2) | 1.5 (1.1–2.2) | <0.0001 |
| Platelets, 109/L | 250 (190–335) | 240 (195–266) | 0.0003 |
| Creatinine, mg/dl | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 1.0 (0.7–1.6) | 0.5 |
| C‐reactive protein, mg/L | 83.4 (28.7–140.4) | 87.1 (22.3–135.9) | 0.7 |
| IL‐6, pg/ml | 32.3 (9.5–76.5) | 26.5 (5.2–74.3) | 0.3 |
| FSH, mU/ml | 5.7 (3.9–8.4) | 7.8 (5.8–11.0) | 0.08 |
| LH, mU/ml | 5.0 (3.6–6.5) | 4.1 (2.9–5.9) | 0.02 |
| tT, nmol/L | 2.6 (1.4–4.9) | 9.99 (6.7–13.4) | <0.0001 |
| Hypogonadism (tT < 9.2 nmol/L) | 115 (95) | 66 (55) | <0.0001 |
| Hypogonadism (tT < 12 nmol/L) | 117 (97) | 79 (66) | <0.0001 |
| E2, pg/ml | 34.5 (19.7–42.2) | 30.4 (26.5–35.1) | 0.001 |
Note: Data are n (%) or median (IQR). Groups were as follows: Group 1: patients in good clinical conditions and discharged home from the emergency department; Group 2: patients who have been admitted in the internal medicine unit until possible discharge at home; and Group 3: patients invasively ventilated in the intensive care unit, and subsequently successfully extubated and discharged either to the internal medicine unit or at home.
Abbreviations: ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; BMI, body mass index; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; E2, 17β‐estradiol; FiO2, fractional concentration of oxygen in inspired air; FSH, follicle‐stimulating hormone; IL‐6, interleukin‐6; LH, luteinizing hormone; NLR, neutrophil/lymphocytes ratio; PaO2, partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood; RALE, radiographic assessment of lung edema; tT, total testosterone.
p‐Value according to the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test and chi‐square test, as indicated.