. 2021 Jul 13;14(1):81–100. doi: 10.1111/aphw.12292

TABLE 4.

Standardised coefficients from hierarchical regressions with mask wearing as outcome variable as a function of outdoor activity

	Walking						Running						Cycling
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)
Demographic controls
Age	.05	.02	.03	.04	.04	.006	−.03	−.008	−.015	−.01	−.006	−.01	.15 ^†	.11 ^†	.10	.10	.09	.07
Gender (F = 1; M = 0)	.04	−.01	−.01	−.006	.06	.04	−.15 ^†	−.17^*	−.18^*	−.20^**	−.14 ^†	−.09	−.06	−.04	−.05	−.06	−.01	−.04
Secondary education	−.09	−.07	−.09	−.09	−.09	−.12	−.1	.07	.08	.09	−.067	.2	−.05	.05	.02	.04	.03	.04
Tertiary education (i)	−.26	−.17	−.21	−.22	−.27	−.28	−.57	−.27	−.27	−.19	−.14	−.19	−.29	−.07	−.14	−.12	−.16	.14
Tertiary education (c)	−.28	−.14	−.18	−.20	−.24	−.27	−.57	−.21	−.22	−.11	−.08	−.13	−.37	−.08	−.18	−.16	−.17	−.15
Risk
For the self		.37 ^***	.38 ^***	.34 ^***	.31 ^***	.21 ^**		.515 ^***	.52 ^***	.53 ^**	.43 ^**	.11		.37 ^***	.38 ^***	.26^*	.17	.06
For others		.19^**	.18^**	.20^**	.16^*	.066		.03	.01	.13	.15	.11		.16^*	.13	.12	.11	.01
Severity
Own health			.03	.03	.04	.004			.01	−.02	−.00	.04			.16 ^†	.17 ^†	.12	.05
Own life risk			−.03	−.03	−.02	.02			.04	.05	.06	.04			−.08	−.08	−.02	.03
Own economy			−.11^*	−.10^*	−.09^*	−.07 ^†			−.03	−.06	−.08	.004			−.04	−.02	−.01	.01
Loved ones' health			.06	.06	.05	.015			.02	.03	−.05	−.07			.05	.04	−.00	.02
Others' health			−.002	−.002	.01	.02			−.002	.005	.08	−.01			−.07	−.07	−.01	−.05
Effectiveness
For protecting the self				.04	.01	−.014				−.03	−.09	−.08				.16	.07	.03
For protecting others				−.02	−.01	−.01				−.145	−.13	−.055				.02	.01	.06
Costs
Comfort					−.11^*	−.05					−.28 ^**	−.13					−.35 ^***	−.26 ^***
Health					−.14^**	−.08 ^†					−.00	.006					−.09	−.03
Norms
Informal sanction						.06						−.08						.005
Formal sanction						−.08^*						−.004						−.06
Prescriptive						−.08 ^†						−.03						−.14^*
Descriptive						.27 ^***						.33 ^***						.15^*
Personal						.32 ^***						.37^**						.38 ^***
R ²	.01	.29 ^***	.295 ^***	.295 ^***	.337 ^***	.45 ^***	.08^*	.364 ^***	.368^***	.38 ^***	.44 ^***	.575 ^***	.03	.27 ^***	.282 ^***	.293 ^***	.422 ^***	.522 ^***
ΔR ²		.28 ^***	.009	.001	.042 ^***	.117 ^***		.28 ^***	.004	.013	.057 ^**	.137 ^***		.237 ^***	.011	.011	.13 ^***	.1 ^***
N	470	470	456	456	455	455	155	155	150	150	150	150	214	214	210	210	210	210

Abbreviations: c, complete; i, incomplete.

p < .05.

^**

p < .01.

^***

p < .001.

^{^†}

p < .1.