TABLE 2.

Linking the barriers identified to their respective COM‐B, TDF, and intervention functions (adapted from Michie at al., 2014)

Barrier Statements	COM‐B	TDF	Intervention functions
Lack of research on older adults with multimorbidity.26	Physical capability	Physical skills	Training
Patients do not understand what medications they are taking.17	Psychological capability	Knowledge	Education
Reluctance to interfere with medications that have been prescribed by a colleague or specialist (ie, hesitation in discontinuing medications prescribed by another physician).21	Reflective motivation	Professional/social role and identity	Education, Persuasion, Modelling
Easier to maintain the status quo rather than interfere with drug regimens in a stable patient.27		Intentions	Education, Persuasion, Incentivization, Coercion, Modelling
Hesitancy in changing medications that have been prescribed in their current dosage for a long period, or when not the original prescriber.20	Physical opportunity	Environmental context and resources	Training, Restriction, Environmental Restructuring, Enablement
Patients follow up with multiple hospitals and receive medications from multiple providers.22
Increased specialization in healthcare (ie, focus on subspecialty‐based care instead of overall management).28
Fragmentation of care, lack of a specific or unified physician to follow up with.23
Lack of coordination or communication between transitions and various levels of care across healthcare settings.21, 29
Exclusion of multimorbid older adults in clinical trials.21
Lack of ownership to assume responsibility for optimizing a specific patient's care plans.24