Table 5: Adjusted odds ratios for a link between NPD and HES records according to sociodemographic characteristics in the NPD.
| Characteristics from NPD | Cohort 1990/91 | Cohort 1996/97 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| aOR | Conf. Int. | aOR | Conf. Int. | |
| Ethnic group | ||||
| White | Ref | Ref | ||
| Asian | 0.69 | [0.66,0.72]** | 0.69 | [0.66,0.73]** |
| Black | 0.62 | [0.59,0.66]** | 0.67 | [0.63,0.71]** |
| Chinese | 0.29 | [0.26,0.33]** | 0.38 | [0.33,0.44]** |
| Any other ethnic group | 0.42 | [0.38,0.46]** | 0.32 | [0.30,0.35]** |
| Mixed | 0.92 | [0.85,0.98]* | 0.80 | [0.75,0.85]** |
| Missing | 0.03 | [0.03,0.03]** | 0.01 | [0.01,0.02]** |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | Ref | Ref | ||
| Female | 1.35 | [1.32,1.37]** | 0.87 | [0.85,0.89]** |
| Missing | 22.77 | [17.02,30.47]** | 10.21 | [5.77,18.07]** |
| Region | ||||
| London | Ref | Ref | ||
| South East | 1.31 | [1.26,1.36]** | 1.12 | [1.08,1.17]** |
| South West | 1.34 | [1.28,1.40]** | 1.38 | [1.31,1.45]** |
| West Midlands | 1.27 | [1.22,1.33]** | 1.37 | [1.30,1.43]** |
| North West | 1.36 | [1.30,1.41]** | 1.64 | [1.57,1.72]** |
| North East | 1.91 | [1.80,2.04]** | 1.99 | [1.85,2.14]** |
| Yorkshire and The Humber | 1.34 | [1.28,1.40]** | 1.42 | [1.35,1.49]** |
| East Midlands | 1.28 | [1.23,1.35]** | 1.22 | [1.16,1.28]** |
| East of England | 1.14 | [1.09,1.19]** | 1.00 | [0.95,1.04] |
| Wales | 0.31 | [0.16,0.59]** | 0.40 | [0.17,0.93]* |
| Missing | 1.16 | [1.10,1.23]** | 1.08 | [1.01,1.14]* |
| IDACI Deciles | ||||
| 1 (deprived) | 0.67 | [0.64,0.70]** | 0.71 | [0.67,0.74]** |
| 2 | 0.78 | [0.74,0.81]** | 0.77 | [0.73,0.81]** |
| 3 | 0.86 | [0.82,0.90]** | 0.87 | [0.83,0.92]** |
| 4 | 0.95 | [0.90,0.99]* | 0.90 | [0.85,0.94]** |
| 5 | Ref | Ref | ||
| 6 | 1.11 | [1.05,1.16]** | 1.05 | [1.00,1.11] |
| 7 | 1.26 | [1.20,1.32]** | 1.23 | [1.16,1.29]** |
| 8 | 1.31 | [1.25,1.38]** | 1.27 | [1.20,1.34]** |
| 9 | 1.31 | [1.25,1.38]** | 1.37 | [1.29,1.44]** |
| 10 (affluent) | 1.27 | [1.21,1.34]** | 1.52 | [1.44,1.61]** |
| Missing | 0.95 | [0.86,1.04] | 1.06 | [0.95,1.18] |
| Observations | 613,732 | 571,918 | ||
| Pseudo R-squared | 0.162 | 0.093 | ||
| Characteristics from NPD | Cohort 1999/00 | Cohort 2004/05 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| aOR | Conf. Int. | aOR | Conf. Int. | |
| Ethnic group | ||||
| White | Ref | Ref | ||
| Asian | 0.56 | [0.54,0.59]** | 0.51 | [0.47,0.54]** |
| Black | 0.43 | [0.40,0.45]** | 0.47 | [0.43,0.51]** |
| Chinese | 0.35 | [0.30,0.41]** | 0.27 | [0.22,0.34]** |
| Any other ethnic group | 0.26 | [0.24,0.28]** | 0.18 | [0.17,0.20]** |
| Mixed | 0.64 | [0.60,0.68]** | 0.60 | [0.55,0.66]** |
| Missing | 0.21 | [0.17,0.25]** | 0.09 | [0.07,0.10]** |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | Ref | Ref | ||
| Female | 0.73 | [0.71,0.75]** | 0.72 | [0.69,0.75]** |
| Missing | 0.61 | [0.39,0.96]* | 1.00 | [0.29,3.50] |
| Region | ||||
| London | Ref | Ref | ||
| South East | 1.00 | [0.95,1.04] | 0.94 | [0.87,1.02] |
| South West | 1.62 | [1.51,1.73]** | 1.38 | [1.24,1.54]** |
| West Midlands | 1.23 | [1.16,1.30]** | 1.21 | [1.11,1.33]** |
| North West | 1.64 | [1.55,1.74]** | 1.09 | [1.00,1.19]* |
| North East | 1.82 | [1.67,2.00]** | 1.71 | [1.47,1.99]** |
| Yorkshire and The Humber | 1.61 | [1.51,1.72]** | 1.23 | [1.12,1.35]** |
| East Midlands | 1.14 | [1.08,1.21]** | 0.96 | [0.87,1.06] |
| East of England | 0.86 | [0.81,0.90]** | 0.83 | [0.76,0.90]** |
| Wales | 0.37 | [0.17,0.80]* | 0.36 | [0.11,1.19] |
| Missing | 0.97 | [0.91,1.03] | 0.74 | [0.68,0.82]** |
| IDACI Deciles | ||||
| 1 (deprived) | 0.73 | [0.68,0.77]** | 0.82 | [0.75,0.90]** |
| 2 | 0.82 | [0.77,0.87]** | 0.88 | [0.80,0.97]* |
| 3 | 0.89 | [0.83,0.94]** | 0.90 | [0.82,1.00]* |
| 4 | 0.92 | [0.86,0.97]** | 1.03 | [0.93,1.14] |
| 5 | Ref | Ref | ||
| 6 | 1.10 | [1.03,1.17]** | 1.03 | [0.94,1.14] |
| 7 | 1.18 | [1.11,1.26]** | 1.11 | [1.00,1.22]* |
| 8 | 1.20 | [1.13,1.28]** | 1.14 | [1.03,1.25]* |
| 9 | 1.36 | [1.27,1.45]** | 1.31 | [1.18,1.45]** |
| 10 (affluent) | 1.48 | [1.39,1.58]** | 1.57 | [1.42,1.74]** |
| Missing | 0.87 | [0.73,1.05] | 0.80 | [0.59,1.07] |
| Observations | 529,910 | 578,809 | ||
| Pseudo R-squared | 0.026 | 0.027 | ||
Notes: Adjusted for all other covariates listed in the table. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. aOR = adjusted odds ratios. Conf. Int. = confidence interval. NPD = national pupil dataset. HES = hospital episode statistics; NHS = national health service. IDACI = income deprivation affecting children index.