Figure 5.

Habenular neurons integrate inputs from limbic dorsal forebrain regions and olfactory system in a non-linear manner

(A) Schematic representation of nose-attached brain-explant preparation in Tg(elavl3:GCaMP6s) juvenile zebrafish, allowing simultaneous micro-stimulation of dorsal forebrain and odor stimulation of the nose. Habenula is marked in green; stimulation electrode is marked in cyan. Red arrows represent olfactory and dorsal forebrain inputs.

(B) Three-dimensional reconstruction of habenular responses to odor stimulation averaged over 6 trials. Warm colors indicate stronger neural responses. L, left; R, right hemisphere.

(C) Three-dimensional reconstruction of habenular responses to dorsal forebrain micro-stimulation averaged over 6 trials.

(D) Three-dimensional reconstruction of habenular responses to simultaneous odor stimulation and dorsal forebrain micro-stimulation averaged over 6 trials.

(E) Responses of individual habenular neurons to odor stimulation and dorsal forebrain micro-stimulation from 2,550 neurons measured in n = 5 fish. Pie chart represents the ratio of habenular neurons responding 2 SDs above baseline levels to only odors (red), only micro-stimulation (blue), and both (magenta).

(F) Change of odor responses in habenular neurons upon dorsal forebrain stimulation. Dark gray marks habenular neurons responding to odor stimulation. Black marks habenular neurons responding to odor stimulation and that are significantly (p < 0.05, Wilcoxon signed-rank test) modulated by forebrain micro-stimulation.

(G) Change of habenular neuron responses to dorsal forebrain activation upon odor stimulation. Dark gray marks habenular neurons responding to dorsal forebrain micro-stimulation. Black marks habenular neurons responding to dorsal forebrain micro-stimulation and that are significantly (p < 0.05, Wilcoxon signed-rank test) modulated by the presentation of odors.

See also Figure S5.