Table 1.
Geographical differences between T21 and Non-T21 regions, 2015–2019
|
2015
|
2016
|
2017
|
2018
|
2019
|
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-T21 | T21 | Non-T21 | T21 | Non-T21 | T21 | Non-T21 | T21 | Non-T21 | T21 | |
| Number of zip codes, n (%) | 32522 (98.6) | 450 (1.4) | 30297 (91.9) | 2675 (8.1) | 29427 (89.2) | 3545 (10.8) | 27832 (84.4) | 5140 (15.6) | 19710 (59.8) | 13262 (40.2) |
| Urbanicitya, (%) | ||||||||||
| Urban | 97.6 | 2.4 | 87.3 | 12.7 | 82.3 | 17.7 | 76.2 | 23.8 | 50.0 | 50.0 |
| Rural | 99.6 | 0.4 | 96.1 | 3.9 | 95.6 | 4.4 | 91.9 | 8.1 | 68.6 | 31.4 |
| Census, (%) | ||||||||||
| Midwest | 99.3 | 0.7 | 97.4 | 2.6 | 96.1 | 3.9 | 94.6 | 5.4 | 69.9 | 30.1 |
| Northeast | 95.0 | 5.0 | 91.6 | 8.4 | 79.8 | 20.2 | 63.4 | 36.6 | 35.1 | 64.9 |
| South | 100.0 | 0.0 | 99.5 | 0.5 | 99.5 | 0.5 | 98.9 | 1.1 | 64.3 | 35.7 |
| West | 98.6 | 1.4 | 67.3 | 32.7 | 66.7 | 33.3 | 59.9 | 40.1 | 59.0 | 41.0 |
| Census region, (%) | ||||||||||
| East North Central | 100.0 | 0.1 | 98.4 | 1.6 | 97.2 | 2.8 | 94.9 | 5.1 | 54.0 | 46.0 |
| East South Central | 100.0 | 0.0 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 100.0 | 0.0 |
| Middle Atlantic | 95.2 | 4.8 | 92.2 | 7.8 | 75.9 | 24.1 | 70.8 | 29.2 | 42.9 | 57.1 |
| Mountain | 100.0 | 0.0 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 99.9 | 0.1 | 99.7 | 0.3 | 98.4 | 1.6 |
| New England | 94.5 | 5.5 | 90.1 | 9.9 | 88.9 | 11.1 | 46.5 | 53.5 | 17.4 | 82.6 |
| Pacific | 97.5 | 2.5 | 40.3 | 59.7 | 39.2 | 60.8 | 26.8 | 73.2 | 26.4 | 73.6 |
| South Atlantic | 100.0 | 0.0 | 99.0 | 1.0 | 99.0 | 1.0 | 99.0 | 1.0 | 70.8 | 29.2 |
| West North Central | 98.3 | 1.7 | 95.9 | 4.1 | 94.6 | 5.4 | 94.3 | 5.7 | 93.9 | 6.1 |
| West South Central | 100.0 | 0.0 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 98.1 | 1.9 | 31.5 | 68.5 |
| Tobacco retail licensingb, ( % ) | ||||||||||
| No | 99.4 | 0.6 | 98.3 | 1.7 | 97.2 | 2.8 | 92.2 | 7.8 | 80.2 | 19.8 |
| Yes | 98.3 | 1.7 | 89.9 | 10.1 | 86.8 | 13.2 | 82.0 | 18.0 | 53.5 | 46.5 |
| Comprehensive smoke-free air lawsc, (%) | ||||||||||
| No | 99.4 | 0.6 | 99.1 | 0.9 | 99.1 | 0.9 | 98.5 | 1.5 | 75.1 | 24.9 |
| Yes | 97.8 | 2.2 | 85.3 | 14.7 | 80.3 | 19.7 | 71.6 | 28.4 | 45.8 | 54.2 |
| State cigarette taxd, ($) mean (SD) | 1.6 (1.1) | 3.0 (1.5) | 1.6 (1.1) | 1.6 (1.3) | 1.6 (1.1) | 2.9 (0.9) | 1.7 (1.1) | 2.8 (1.0) | 1.4 (0.9) | 2.4 (1.2) |
a
The Rural-Urban Commuting Area (RUCA) codes are from the USDA. A binary indicator was created for urban (Metropolitan) versus rural (Micropolitan, Small Town and Rural).
b
State tobacco licensing requirements were collected from the CDC’s State Tobacco Activities Tracking and Evaluation (STATE) System.
c
Comprehensive smoke-free laws were collected from the CDC’s State Tobacco Activities Tracking and Evaluation (STATE) System. Comprehensive smoke-free laws include coverage in bars, restaurants, and workplaces.
d
State cigarette tax rate data for each year were collected from the CDC’s State Tobacco Activities Tracking and Evaluation (STATE) System.